少突胶质细胞在帕金森病中的研究进展

Research Progress on Oligodendrocytes in Parkinson's Disease

少突胶质细胞(oligodendrocytes,OLs)是中枢神经系统(central nervous system,CNS)中的神经胶质细胞之一,由少突胶质前体细胞(oligodendrocyte precursor cells,OPCs)分化而成,能够形成绝缘性髓鞘,促进轴突动作电位的快速传导。帕金森病(parkinson’s disease,PD)是以黑质纹状体多巴胺能神经元丢失为特征的CNS退行性疾病,其病理标志为嗜酸性路易小体(Lewy bodies,LBs)和路易神经突(Lewy neurites,LNs)的聚集,其中,LBs的主要成分为错误折叠的α-突触核蛋白(α-synuclein,α-syn)。研究发现,许多PD患者具有脱髓鞘、白质病变、OLs损伤等伴随病理表现,此外,OLs中聚集的α-syn能够加速神经元的死亡,提示OLs在PD的发生发展过程中起着重要的作用。因此,深入研究OLs与PD的关系有助于进一步探索PD的发病机制,为发现新的PD治疗靶点提供新思路,有望通过维持髓鞘完整性、保证OLs的正常功能而干预PD的病理进展。

Derived from oligodendrocyte precursor cells(OPCs),Oligodendrocytes(OLs),one of the neuroglial cells in the central nervous system(CNS),can form insulating myelin sheaths and promote the rapid conduction of axonal action potentials.Parkinson's disease(PD),characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and striatum,is a CNS degenerative disease and its pathological hallmark is the accumulation of Lewy neurites and the eosinophilic spherical bodies named Lewy bodies(LBs),the main component of which is misfoldedα-synuclein(α-uclein,α-syn).Recently,studies have found that many PD patients have potential pathological manifestations such as demyelination,white matter lesions,and OLs damage.At the same time,the accumulation ofα-syn in OLs can accelerate the death of neurons,which further suggests that OLs might play an important role in the development of PD.Therefore,the deep study of the relationship between OLs and PD will help to further explore the pathogenesis of PD and provide a new idea for the discovery of new therapeutic targets of PD.What's more,maintaining the integrity of the myelin sheath and ensuring the normal function of OLs are expected to interfere with the pathological progress of PD.