不同粒径金属基纳米颗粒的性质与其环境行为和生物效应的关系

Relationships Between the Properties of Metal-based Nanoparticles with Different Particle Sizes and Their Environmental Behaviors and Biological Responses

随着纳米技术的高速发展,金属基纳米颗粒(MNPs)物理化学性质的变化与其环境行为、生物效应之间的关系受到广泛关注。由于独特的物理化学性质,MNPs被应用于农业、化工、航天等各个领域,其不可避免地释放到环境中,对环境生物及人类健康造成威胁。随着粒径的减小,MNPs展现出较大的比表面积、较高的表面电荷密度和表面能等独特的属性,这些性质在很大程度上影响着MNPs的界面反应及生物效应。本文综述了不同粒径MNPs的比表面积、表面官能团、表面能及表面电荷密度变化与其吸附、聚集、溶解等环境行为的关系,深入剖析了不同粒径的MNPs在不同环境条件(如溶解性有机质(DOM)、光照、pH值、离子强度)下的生物效应及个中机理,就现有研究中存在的问题提出了改进意见与建议。

With the rapid development of nanotechnology,relationships between the varying physicochemical properties of metal-based nanoparticles(MNPs)and their environmental behaviors or biological responses have recently received intensive attentions from researchers and policy makers.Due to the unique physiochemical properties,MNPs have been applied in various fields including agriculture,chemistry,aerospace and so on.This inevitably leads to their release into the environment,posing a great threat to environmental living organisms or even the human health.With the decrease of particle size,the properties of MNPs can be also altered such as showing a larger specific surface area,an increased surface charge density and surface energy as compared with bulk materials,which greatly affects the interface reactions and biological effects of MNPs.This paper thus reviewed the relationships between the specific surface area,the surface functional groups,the surface energy or the surface charge density of MNPs at different particle sizes and their environmental behaviors such as adsorption,aggregation and dissolution.The biological effects and the underlying mechanisms of MNPs at different particle sizes were deeply analyzed under different environmental conditions(e.g.dissolved organic matter(DOM),illumination,pH value and ionic strength).Some suggestions were put forward to improve the existing research.