舟山海岛白及生态学特性及林下栽培技术

Ecological Characteristics of Bletilla striata in Zhoushan Island and Its Under-forest Cultivation Techniques

海岛地区林下栽培白及可充分利用土地资源,降低生产成本,具有良好的经济效益、生态效益和社会效益。栽培环境保持林分透光率在50%左右,加强肥水管理,可有效促进白及生长和块茎营养物质积累,栽培3年后即可采收,尤以临安紫花白及适应性最强。本文介绍了白及的生态学特性,分析了引种临安紫花白及、温州泰顺紫花白及、云南紫花白及、云南黄花白及、陕西紫花白及一年生苗试验结果,并总结了舟山海岛白及林下栽培技术,包括选地整地、栽植、栽后管理、病虫害防治和采收等内容,以期为白及栽培提供参考。

Under-forest cultivation of Bletilla striata can make full use of land resources in the island area,reduce the production cost,and have good economic,ecological and social benefits.Keeping the stand light transmittance in the cultivation environment about 50%and strengthening the management of fertilizer and water,can effectively promote the growth and tuber nutrients accumulation of Bletilla striata.It can be harvested after 3 years of cultivation,especially Lin′an purple flower Bletilla striata has the strongest adaptability.This paper introduced the ecological characteristics of Bletilla striata,analyzed the introduction of the one-year seedlings of Lin′an purple flower Bletilla striata,Wenzhou Taishun purple flower Bletilla striata,Yunnan purple flower Bletilla striata,Yunnan yellow flower Bletilla striata,Shaanxi purple flower Bletilla striata,and summarized the under-forest cultivation techniques of Bletilla striata in Zhoushan island,including selection and preparation of field,planting,post-planting management,disease and pest control and harvesting,in order to provide references for the cultivation of Bletilla striata.