养老机构老年人慢性病与生命质量关系

The relationship between chronic diseases and quality of life in elderly care institutions

目的了解新疆生产建设兵团地区养老机构老年人慢性病患病情况,探讨对养老机构老年人生命质量影响较大的慢性病种类。方法典型抽样抽取6个养老机构共225名老年人,采用SF-36量表及自制的一般情况调查表对老年人进行问卷调查。结果抽取的225名老年人中,未患慢性病者59人(26.2%),患1种慢性病者61(27.1%),患2种慢性病者51人(22.7%),患3种及以上慢性病者54人(24.0%)。患病率前6位的慢性病分别为高血压(49.3%)、冠心病(29.8%)、脑梗塞(19.6%)、关节炎(19.1%)、糖尿病(18.67%)、慢性支气管炎(11.6%)。患慢性病者与未患慢性病者在生命质量各维度的比较中,除VT、RE、MH3个维度外,其他各维度均有统计学差异(P<0.05)。患不同数量慢性病的老年人生命质量各维度的比较中,除RE维度外,其他各维度均有统计学差异(P <0.05);随着患慢性病数量的增加,生命质量得分随之降低。多元线性回归结果显示,对老年人PCS得分影响较大的慢性病为糖尿病、脑卒中、关节炎;对MCS得分影响较大的慢性病为糖尿病、脑卒中、慢性支气管炎。结论养老机构老年人慢性病患病率较高,慢性病共病情况严重,不同的慢性病对生命质量的损害程度不同。

Objective To investigate the chronic diseases of the elderly in the old-age care institutions in the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,and to explore the types of chronic diseases that have a greater impact on the quality of life of the elderly in the oldage care institutions. Methods A total of 225 elderly people from 6 old-age care institutions were sampled. A questionnaire survey was conducted on the elderly using the SF-36 scale and a self-made general questionnaire. Results Among the 225 elderly people,59(26. 2%) did not have chronic diseases,61( 27. 1%) suffered from one chronic disease,51(22. 7%) suffered from 2 chronic diseases,and 3 or more chronic diseases. 54 people(24. 0%). The top 6 chronic diseases were hypertension(49. 3%),coronary heart disease(29. 8%),cerebral infarction(19. 6%),arthritis(19. 1%),diabetes(18. 67%),and chronic bronchitis(11. 6%). In the comparison of the dimensions of life quality between the elderly with chronic diseases and those without chronic diseases,except for the three dimensions of VT,RE and MH,there were statistical differences in the comparison of other dimensions(P<0. 05). In the comparison of the quality of life of the elderly with different numbers of chronic diseases,except for the RE dimension,the scores of other dimensions were statistically different(P<0. 05);with the increase of the number of chronic diseases,the quality of life scores of the elderly reduced. Multiple linear regression results showed that chronic diseases that had a greater impact on PCS scores in the elderly were diabetes,stroke,and arthritis;chronic diseases that had a greater impact on MCS scores were diabetes,stroke,and chronic bronchitis.Conclusion The prevalence of chronic diseases in elderly people in old-age care institutions is high,and the comorbidities of chronic diseases are serious. Different chronic diseases have different degrees of damage to quality of life.