论当代意识形态的四重特征

On the Four Characteristics of Contemporary Ideology

意识形态作为马克思主义研究的重要内容,在当前时代的重要性愈发突显。当代意识形态具有四个方面的典型特征:首先,意识形态源于观念学,具有固执性或坚执性的特征;其次,意识形态作为观念,它既可能真,也可能虚假或谬误,因而它更多地呈现为具有欺骗性和虚假性的特征,因为它总是遮蔽或颠倒社会现实的真实情况。再次,意识形态因其具有现实性或物质性的基础、能够作用于现实的主体以及能够通过意识形态幻象结构社会现实而具有现实性特征。最后,意识形态具有无意识性。主要体现在:它与无意识都是永恒的,是一种结构性的要素;它与无意识相互作用、相互构成;它可以在主体无意识的情况下作用于主体,并呈现为意识形态的崇高对象。厘清意识形态的这四重特性,对于深化马克思主义意识形态理论研究,把握意识形态的领导权都具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。

As an important part of Marxism research,ideology is becoming more and more important in the current era.What are the typical characteristics of contemporary ideology?This paper attempts to define the characteristics of ideology from the following four aspects:firstly,ideology is derived from idealism and has the characteristics of obstinacy or persistence;secondly,as a concept,ideology may be true,false or fallacious,so it is more deceptive and false,because it always obscures or reverses the reality of social reality situation;thirdly,ideology has realistic characteristics because it has realistic or material basis,can act on the subject of reality,and can structure social reality through ideological illusion;and finally,the unconsciousness of ideology is mainly reflected in:first,ideology and unconsciousness are both eternal and structural elements;second,ideology interacts with unconsciousness and constitutes each other;and the third,ideology can act on the subject in the case of unconsciousness and present itself as the Sublime Object of consciousness.This paper holds that it is of great theoretical and practical significance to understand the four characteristics of ideology for deepening Marx’s ideological theory and grasping the leadership of ideology.