塑造丕平与教宗斯蒂芬二世的圈地建国

Shaping Pippin and Pope Stephen Ⅱ’s Construction of“the Republic of St.Peter”

8世纪中叶,教宗斯蒂芬二世明确提出"圣彼得国"的理论构想,并通过和平联盟、涂油加冕和书信劝诫等手段,将法兰克国王"矮子"丕平塑造成"圣彼得国"的保护者。斯蒂芬二世借助丕平献土在意大利实现圈地建国的政治诉求,并完成罗马从隶属于拜占庭帝国到依附于法兰克王国的西方转向。在"圣彼得国"的诞生问题上,国外学界近来从法兰克立场转向教宗立场,日趋强调8世纪早期诸位教宗建立独立世俗政权的主动性和一致性。但这种倾向低估了斯蒂芬二世和"矮子"丕平的关键作用,也淡化了拜占庭帝国对罗马的深刻影响。

In the middle of 8 th century,Pope Stephen II clearly presented the conception of"the Republic of St.Peter"and shaped the king of Frankish Kingdom Pippin the short as a protector of it through the alliance,the coronation,the admonition and so on.Pope Stephen II achieved his political appeal of the construction of"the Republic of St.Peter"in Italy and completed the western orientation of the papacy from the Byzantine Empire to the Frankish Kingdom.On the issue of the birth of"the Republic of St.Peter",the foreign scholars have recently paid more attention to the initiative and consistency of the popes who wished to establish an independent secular regime in the 8 th century.However,they may underestimatethe leading roles of Stephen II and Pippin the short,and overlook the profound impact of the Byzantine Empire on Rome.