美国得州2·15大停电事故分析及对中国电力发展的启示

Analysis of 2·15 Power Outage in Texas and Its Implications for the Power Sector of China

受极寒天气影响,2021年2月15日—19日美国得克萨斯州发生大停电事故,最多影响人口达450万人,得州电网进入三级紧急状态,最大切负荷2000万kW,实时市场价格超过9000美元/(MW·h)。依据得州电力可靠性委员会等机构的公开报告和数据,梳理事故过程,在提出的停电原因分析体系基础上,剖析该事故原因,并总结对中国电力发展的启示。应坚持发挥统一规划、统一调度、统一管理的体制优势,重视极端场景电力应急保障问题,构建适应高比例可再生能源和高比例电力电子装备电力系统的多元供给体系,筑牢能源电力安全物理基础,探索具有中国特色的电力市场模式。

Due to the extreme cold weather,a rotating power outage event occurred in Texas,USA,from February 15 to February 19,2021,affecting more than 4.5 million residents.The Texas power grid entered the Level 3 emergency operation,with a maximum load shaving reaching 20000 MW,and the maximum real-time price surpassing 9000$(MW·h).According to published reports of Energy Reliability Council of Texas,this paper sorts out the outage process.Based on a proposed analysis structure of power outage,this paper analyses the outage causes and summarizes the implications for the power sector of China.It is proposed that we should bring into full play of the advantages of the"three-unified"(unified planning,unified dispatching and unified management)power system in China,pay attention to emergency power supply security in extreme scenarios,build a diversified supply system suitable for China’s future power system characterized with"double-high"(high-penetration of renewable energy and high-proportion of power electronics equipment),strengthen the physical basis for power security,and explore a electricity market model with Chinese characteristics.