广州市主城区建筑立体形态的圈层分异及其影响因素

The Circle Differentiation of the Three-dimensional Architectural Forms in the Main Urban Area of Guangzhou and Its Influencing Factors

利用广州市主城区1960、1990、2017年的单点建筑物数据,结合地价与人口密度,通过同心圆概括方式,分析主城区建筑立体形态主要指标的圈层分异及其影响因素.研究结果表明,广州市主城区的建筑立体形态近似圈层分异,其形成与演变依赖于依山傍水的平原型城市的地理格局、城市规划以及市场力量三方面的共同作用:(1)1960年以来,尽管广州市主城区的范围大小不同,中央商务区(CBD)中心向东持续迁移,但建筑高度、建筑密度、建筑高度离散度三指标均由主城区中心向四周降低,但斜向建筑比例增多,圈层分异明显;同时,三指标整体增加,幅度逐渐增强,中心区增幅高于外围.(2)立体形态的演替速度具有以荔湾、越秀老城区为核心向外圈层增加的特点;以地价指数、人口密度、建筑高度和建筑密度4个指标,主城区在1000 m格网尺度上可聚集成围绕老城区向外逐步过渡的圈层结构.(3)综合地价指数与人口密度的圈层格局,决定了立体形态的圈层分异;由主城区中心向北,海拔高度的提高引起了建筑平面形态上斜向建筑比例的增加.

The circle differentiation of the main indicators of the three-dimensional shape of buildings in the main urban area and its influencing factors through concentric circles are analyzed on the basis of the single point buil-ding data of the main urban area of Guangzhou in 1960,1990 and 2017 combined with land price and population density.The results show that the three-dimensional architectural form of the main urban area of Guangzhou is similar to a circle and the formation and evolution of the differentiation pattern depend on the joint action of the geographical pattern,urban planning and market forces of the plain-type city near mountains and waters.First,since 1960 the CBD center of the main urban area of Guangzhou has been moving eastward,but the building height,building density and building height dispersion index all decrease from the center of the main urban area to the su-rrounding area.The proportion of oblique buildings has increased outwards,and the circle differentiation is obvious.At the same time,the three indexes increase as a whole,and the increase rate of the core area was higher than that of the surrounding area.Second,the succession rate of the three-dimensional form increases from the core of Liwan and Yuexiu to the outer circle;based on the four indexes of land price,population density,building height and building density,the main urban area can be aggregated into the circle type which gradually changes from the old urban area to the outside on the grid scale of 1000 m.Third,combined with land price index and population density,the circle pattern determines the three-dimensional shape of the circle differentiation;from the center of the main urban area to the north,the increase of the elevation leads to the increase of the proportion of oblique pattern in the architectural plane form.