锡伯语濒危与传承研究

A study on the endangered situation and inheritance of Sibe language

詡疆察布查尔锡伯自治县是我国唯一的锡伯族自治县,历来就是学习与使用本民族语言文字的主要基地,自清代、中华民国时期及新中国成立以后至今,始终都是锡伯族语言文字为文化的保存、发展之地,有着深厚的社会基础和生态环境。因此,对察布查尔锡伯自治县锡伯语言文字进行调查研究,将直接关系着全国锡伯语文乃至国家多元语言与文化的留存和发展。锡伯语与满语同源,有着密切的语言发生学关系,目前是满语支中活力最强的语言,可以认为锡伯语文就是满语文的活态留存。大量的清代满语文献有待于通过锡伯语来解读,随着社会政治、经济、文化发展,人口少小的锡伯族母语使用情况趋于濒危,如何传承保护成为问题的焦点。我们课题组跟踪调查锡伯语文使用情况数十年,通过文献阅读、实地考察、入户调查访谈,大量数据结果显示,锡伯语言文字已经严重濒危,锡伯语口语已经接近濒危。

Chabuer Sibe in Xinjiang is the only autonomous county of Sibe in China,which makes it a base for learning and using of ethnic language.From Qing dynasty to the foundation of P.R.China,Sibe autonomous county is a museum showing the development of Sibe language and culture with profound social foundationandeco-environment Therefore,the investigation of the language and writing system of Chabuer Sibe autonomous county is important for the protection and development of Sibe and even the national multiple language and culture environment.Sibe originates from Manchu and has genetic relation with Manchu.Sibe is the most active sub-language of Manchu and the living retention of Manchu.A great amount of Manchu materials from Qing dynasty need to be interpreted through Sibe.With the development of social politics,economy and culture,Sibe language with the small population of native speakers faces endangered condition.The protection and inheritance of Sibe have become the main issue.Our research team tracks the usage of Sibe in the past ten years by reading materials,interviewing local families,and field investigation.According to the data, Sibe writing system has been already severely endangered and spoken Sibe is on the brink of extinction.