语言接触背景下湖南长益片方言称谓语变化研究

A Study on the Contact-induced Changes of the Address Forms in Changyi Dialect Area in Hunan Province

在全球化和城市化的环境下,各个国家及地区之间的交流日趋频繁,不同语言或方言的相互接触也日益加强。在中国,普通话和方言的接触带来了各种语言变化,湖南长益片方言称谓语的变化就很好地反映了这种变化情况。汨罗方言中儿童姓名称谓的变化、男性称谓语泛化现象的变化和益阳方言中对长辈称谓的变化为观察不同语言或方言之间相互接触而产生的语言变化情况提供了鲜活的语料。称谓语变化的一个共同趋势是方言趋同现象,即方言中具有地方色彩的语言特点的逐步减少或消失的现象,具体指方言中的特色语言逐步向标准语普通话靠拢的变化情况,这种变化产生的原因是方言和普通话接触的日益增强,同时也和人们的语言态度密切相关。推广普通话能有效促进操不同方言、相互理解存在语言障碍的人们之间的顺畅交流,但方言中的地方特色是各地区传统文化多样性的体现,因此,对方言中的地方特色语言现象的保护有助于地方传统文化的保护,人们对方言的态度问题是方言地方特色能否保留的至关重要的因素。

In the context of globalization and urbanization,the exchanges among different countries or different areas in the world are becoming more and more frequent,thus the contacts between various languages or dialects are increasing.The contact between Putonghu and dialects in daily communications in China produces language changes in various respects. These changes are clearly reflected in the address forms of the Changyi dialect area in Hunan Province.The address forms of children's name in MUuo Dialect,the extensive use of male address forms in MUuo Dialect,and the address forms of elder relatives in Yiyang Dialect present lively data for people to observe the variation and change of language in this background.One common trend of the change is dialect leveling, which refers to the loss of the localized features in the dialects More specifically,some features in the dialects are changing and coming close to the Standard Language,Putonghua,in China,and they are also related to the language attitudes of the speakers.The popularization of Putonghua is an efficient way to promote successful communication among people who don't share a common dialect and have difficulty in mutual understanding,but the localized features in the dialects are reflections of the traditional diverse cultures of different areas. The protection of localized features in the dialects will be beneficial to the maintenance of the local cultures.The attitudes of people towards their dialects are of vital importance to the existence of the localized features of their dialects.