“程度副词+趋向动词”性状义用法考察

On the Adjectival Usage of the DirectionalVerbs Modified by Adverbs of Degree

文章考察“程度副词+趋向动词”性状义用法并从认知上予以解释。“程度副词+趋向动词”组合可作谓语、定语或充当述补结构的补语,表示静态的性状而非动态的位移行为。从认知语法的角度看,趋向动词的位移动作义和性状义是人们感知位移情景时分别突显过程和非时间关系而形成的两种不同的意象。物体移行的动态过程被突显为侧面时形成动态意象,对应于趋向动词的位移行为解读。而当趋向动词受程度副词修饰时,程度副词对程度的描述使与程度相涉的非时间关系被突显为侧面,从而形成静态意象,对应于趋向动词的性状义。

This paper discusses the new adjectival usage of directional verbs and explains it from a cognitive linguistic perspective.Grammatically,the directional verbs used adjectivally must co-occur with an adverb of degree,and can function as the predicate of a sentence,the modifier of a noun or the complement of a verb.Semantically,the adjectivized directional verbs indicate a quality or state rather than an action of displacement.Such a new usage is in conformity with general cognitive rules.Cognitive grammar assumes that different senses reside in different images that profile different substructures within the base.The directional verbs used in the conventional way profile process,while the adjectivized directional verbs profile atemporal relation.Being modified by an adverb of degree contributes largely to the elevation of degree-related atemporal relation to prominence,hence the constitution of a static image.The adjectival sense of directional verbs just resides in the static image.