国有企业政策性负担与社会责任承担

Policy Burden and Social Responsibility of State Owned Enterprises

自2012年开始中国经济增速放缓,进入"新常态",为避免落入"中等收入国家陷阱",对中国经济起主导作用的国有企业改革势在必行。基于此,文章对国有企业改革提出政策建议和理论依据。国有企业负担的"社会职能"不能成为反对国企改革的依据,政策性负担是政策强制性、内部员工自利性的结果,只能实现部分短期社会政治目标,而社会责任承担是企业自愿性、公益性的体现。文章以2010-2018年A股上市的经历过股权转让的国有企业为研究样本,利用双重差分模型检验了实际控制权转移对国有企业政策性负担和社会责任承担的影响,并检验了两者是否能够反映到企业的经济绩效上。结果表明,当非国有股东取得企业实际控制权后只会降低政策性负担,同时会提高企业承担社会责任的动机和能力,并最终提高企业的经济绩效。

Since 2012,China’s economic growth has slowed down and entered the"new normal".In order to avoid falling into the"middle-income country trap",it is imperative to reform the state-owned economy,which plays a leading role in China’s economy.Based on this,this paper puts forward policy suggestions and theoretical basis for the reform of stateowned enterprises.The"social function"of the burden of state-owned enterprises cannot be the basis for opposing the reform of state-owned enterprises.The policy burden is the result of the mandatory policy and the self-interest of internal staff,which can only achieve some short-term social and political goals,while the social responsibility is the embodiment of the voluntary and public welfare of enterprises.Based on the sample of the state-owned enterprises with equity transfer listed in A-share market from 2010 to 2018,this paper uses the double difference model to test the impact of actual control transfer on the policy burden and social responsibility of state-owned enterprises,and whether the two can reflect the economic performance of enterprises.The results show that when the non-state-owned shareholders obtain the actual control of the enterprise,it will reduce the policy burden,improve the motivation and ability of the enterprise to undertake social responsibility,and ultimately improve the economic performance of the enterprise.