20世纪40年代以来福建省大陆海岸带利用程度时空变化分析

An analysis of coastline utilization of Fujian Province since the 1940s

海岸带利用程度时空特征的分析是对海岸带地区进行合理规划的前提。基于地形图资料与遥感影像数据,提取福建省20世纪40、60年代,1990、2000、2010与2014年等6个时相的海岸线数据,并综合前人研究成果与遥感影像目视解译的先验知识,将福建省海岸线的利用方式划分为8个类型;赋予各类岸线不同的人力作用强度指数,计算福建省和空间子单元的海岸线开发利用程度指数,分析其利用程度变化趋势与原因。研究发现:(1)1940-2014年以来,福建省海岸线开发利用程度总体上处于持续且显著加强的趋势,特别是1990年以后,岸线开发利用程度的增长速度尤其显著;(2)随着福建省莆田市以南海岸线海域空间资源的日趋紧张,海岸线开发热点开始向福州、宁德市转移。海岸线开发利用程度指数能有效地反映人类活动对海岸线影响的强度及其变化趋势,因此本研究有助于深入了解福建省海岸带自20世纪40年代以来的开发力度及其变化和对生态环境的影响。

An analysis of spatio-temporal characteristics of the coastline utilization is the basis of a reasonable planning for the coastal zone. According to the topographic maps and the remote sensing images, the mainland coastline of Fujian province in the1940 s, the 1960 s, and in 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2014 are delineated and classified into eight types based on the previous researches and the visual interpretations of the remote sensing images;each type of coastline utilization is assigned with scores of human force degree and the index of the coastline utilization degree(ICUD) is calculated at the provincial and local scales,respectively. Results are as follows: 1) in the last nearly 70 years, the coastline utilization degree of Fujian province increases continuously and significantly, especially in the last 20 years, with an extremely remarkable growth: 2) with the increasing tension between space and population, the hot spots of the coastal development began to shift to Fuzhou and Ningde. The index of the coastline utilization degree can be used quite effectively to detect the patterns and the processes of how the human activities influence the coastline. It will help the understanding of the coastal development and its effect on the ecoenvironmental system, and ultimately provide a decision support for scientific planning and integrated management of the coastal zone.