作为方法的“灾害文学”——百年来中国灾害文学的内涵、表征与特质

“Disaster Literature”as Method:Connotation,Representation and Characteristics of Chinese Disaster Literature in the Past 100 Years

“灾害文学”并不是“灾害”和“文学”的简单相加,“灾害意识”才是判断“灾害文学”的一个核心因素。我们在对“灾害文学”进行定义时,“灾害文学”就既是内容,同时也是一种方法。面对灾害,文学表达有其一定的限度,灾害叙事要经受伦理的考问。从灾害的时间维度来考察,当代文学灾害书写呈现为直面现实、想象历史、预言未来三种形态。苦难构成了灾害文学的一种基本底色,苦难叙事是灾害文学书写的一种主要模式。灾害文学不同于一般意义上的文学,它具有一种非常态特质。灾害文学以现实主义精神为主导,以一种抵抗的姿态介入当下的公共生活,既具有一般意义上的审美功能,更为重要的是还兼具记录历史、反思灾难和心灵救赎等特殊功能。

“Disaster literature”is not a simple addition of“disaster”and“literature”,“disaster awareness”is a core factor to judge“disaster literature”.In the definition,“disaster literature”is both the content and the method.In the face of disaster,literary expression has its limitation and disaster narration should be subjected to ethical examination.From the perspective of the time dimension of disasters,the contemporary literary writing of disasters presents three forms:facing the reality,imagining the history and predicting the future.Suffering constitutes a basic background color of disaster literature,and suffering narration is a main mode of writing disaster literature.Disaster literature is different from the literature in the general sense and it has an abnormal characteristics.With the spirit of realism as the leading role,disaster literature interferes in the public life of the present with an attitude of resistance.It not only has the aesthetic function in the general sense,but also has the special function of recording history,reflecting on disasters and spiritual salvation.