航空产业技术创新国际研究成果的计量分析及其启示

A System Review and the Enlightenment of International Research on the Aircraft Industry Technological Innovation Using Bibliometrics Method

航空产业技术创新研究已经形成丰富的知识体系,对其文献进行计量分析能够帮助揭示该研究领域的演化过程,理解不同经济发展阶段的国家在航空创新能力方面的共同规律与不同特征,明确我国航空技术的前进方向。论文采用文献计量、关键词聚类与内容分析法,对国际航空产业技术创新展开全面系统的回顾,得出相应的结论及启示。研究结果发现:与其他高科技行业相比,航空产业创新发展在关键影响因素、技术溢出方式、技术突破路径方面都遵循着自身独有的规律,典型国家航空产业发展之路也各具特点;航空产业技术突破有两条路径:一是沿着现有技术继续向前发展,二是研究新的技术。究竟选取何种技术路径,取决于企业在市场竞争中的地位和面临的竞争环境;政府投资和购买是后进国家进入航空产业国际竞争的先决条件。路径突破是后进国家提升航空产业链位置的必由之路。国内市场需求是后进国家获得整机生产能力的必要保障。

The research on technological innovation in aircraft industry has formed a rich knowledge system.Bibliometric analysis of the relevant literature can help us to reveal the evolution process of this research field and to understand the general law of the aircraft industry technology development and characteristics of countries in different economic development level,which can clarify the direction of the technology development of the aircraft industry in China.In this paper,bibliometrics,keyword clustering and content analysis are used to review the technological innovation of the international aircraft industry.The results reveal the following aspects.Firstly,comparing with other high-tech industries,the aircraft industry technological innovation has its own unique characteristics in the key influencing factors,technology spillover mode and technology breakthrough path.The development road of typical countries’aircraft industry is also different from each other.Secondly,there are two paths for technological development of the aircraft industry:one is technological path dependence;the other one is technological path breakthrough.What path is chosen depends on the industrial value chain position of the firm and the competitive environment it faces.Thirdly,the prerequisites for entry of backward countries into the international aircraft industry are government investment and purchases.Path breakthrough is the only way for backward countries to upgrade the position of aircraft industrial value chain.Besides,domestic market demand is the necessary guarantee for backward countries to obtain the assembly capacity of the whole fuselage.