饮用水卤乙醛类消毒副产物的生成及毒效应研究进展

The advances on the formation and toxic effects of haloacetaldehydes disinfection by-products in drinking water

卤乙醛类消毒副产物是饮用水中新发现的消毒副产物,位居饮用水中消毒副产物总量第三,其生成与水中天然有机物和卤化物水平、饮用水处理工艺和消毒剂类型有关。新近研究显示卤乙醛类消毒副产物比饮用水中受控的三卤甲烷类消毒副产物和卤乙酸类消毒副产物有更强的细胞毒性和遗传毒性。目前仅有少数国家和地区对饮用水中检出率高的三氯乙醛设定了限值,但日益积累的证据表明非受控的卤乙醛类消毒副产物对人群健康的潜在风险更高。本文综述了当前饮用水中卤乙醛类消毒副产物的生成与转化、细胞毒性、遗传毒性等方面的研究进展,展望了未来卤乙醛类消毒副产物毒理学研究应关注的问题,以支撑科学的饮用水卫生标准研制。

Haloacetaldehydes(HALs),as emerging disinfection by-products in drinking water,are the third largest group by weight of identified disinfection by-products(DBPs)in drinking water.The formation of HALs is associated with the level of natural organic matter and halide in the source water,the treatment process of drinking water and the type of disinfectant.Recent studies have shown that HALs are more cytotoxic and genotoxic than regulated trihalomethanes and halo-acetic acids in drinking water.Currently,only a few countries and regions have set limit values for trichloroacetaldehyde with high detection rate in drinking water.However,there is growing evidence that unregulated HALs have a higher potential risk to human health compared to regulated HALs.This paper reviews the current research progress on the formation and transformation,cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of HALs in drinking water,and looks forward to the problems that should be paid attention in the future toxicological research of HALs in order to support the development of scientific drinking water standards.