中国文化遗产民族结构演进及其影响因素

Evolution Characteristics and Impact Factors of the Cultural Heritage Ethnic Structure in China

以中国文化遗产为研究对象,获取1989—2019年全国文物保护单位、国家级非物质文化遗产、国家级博物馆的基础数据,从整体上探究国家级文化遗产所表现的多元一体格局及其演进,研究表明:①中国民族文化交融化趋势明显,民族交融文化遗产份额持续上升;②中国民族文化平等化趋势明显,国家级文化遗产已涵盖全部民族,少数民族文化遗产份额波动上升;③中国民族文化原真化趋势明显,各民族文化遗产的分布特征表明在各民族聚居区文化遗产原真性和完整性保护得到充分体现;④中国文化遗产所呈现的多元一体民族结构,受到人口、经济、政策因素的影响,其中,人口表现出十分稳定的基础性作用,经济表现出持续弱化的支持性作用,政策表现出较为明显的动力性作用。

Taking Chinese cultural heritage as the research object,the basic data of major historical and cultural sites protected at the national level,national intangible cultural heritage,national museums are obtained to explore the evolution characteristics and impact factors of the cultural heritage ethnic structure in Chinese mainland.The result shows that:1)The equality trend of ethnic groups’culture development in our country is more and more obvious.The national cultural heritage has covered all ethnic groups with a national coverage of 1 by 2019.From the perspective of the share of cultural heritage owned by various ethnic groups,the share of the minority’s cultural heritage fluctuates;2)The authenticity of ethnic groups’culture in our country is getting more obvious.The distribution characteristics of ethnic cultural heritage show that the protection of the authenticity and integrity of cultural heritage is fully reflected in the areas where ethnic groups live together;3)The share of national amalgamation cultural heritage rising continuously shows that the trend of national culture amalgamation is obvious.The various ethnic groups interacted and learned from each other,showing a diverse blend of colors in the process,of which the Han nationality is the core force of cohesion;4)The cultural heritage ethnic structure in Chinese mainland is obviously affected by population,economic,and policy factors.The population scale of each ethnic group is the most important factor while economy is the guarantee factor for the heritage protection of each ethnic group’s cultural heritage.Policy is the support factor.A large number of supportive policies was issued by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council play an important role in the optimization of the ethnic structure of cultural heritage.