从反本质主义的“身份”到逆向文化策略--斯图亚特·霍尔文化身份观探微

From the “Identity” of Anti-Essentialist to Reverse Cultural Strategies--An Exploration of Stuart Hall’s View of Cultural Identity

文化身份长期被视为固定不变的本质。然而,斯图亚特·霍尔从历史唯物主义认识论视角出发,对"正统"文化身份发出了强有力的挑战和质询。霍尔以微观话语视角切入文化身份议题,揭示了宰制性资本主义主导权力话语对从属社会群体和边缘民族文化身份压制和剥夺的实质,对意识形态的霸权微观机制给出了新的批判维度。与此同时,霍尔还致力于逆向文化策略的探索,以期通过话语斗争夺回文化身份署名权,力图实现文化身份被压制后的重返。当今,后现代的全球化进程促使文化身份焦虑问题愈发凸显,霍尔的文化身份研究作为资本主义社会演进的回应,为"反抗霸权阶级及其盟友"的压迫提供了崭新的视野和工具,对其深入阐析有助于推动文化身份问题的中国省思。

Cultural identity has long been regarded as a fixed and unchanging essence. However, from the perspective of historical materialism epistemology, Stuart Hall has strongly challenged and questioned the"orthodox"cultural identity. By taking a micro-discursive approach to the issue of cultural identity, Hall reveals the essence of the suppression and deprivation of the cultural identity of subordinate social groups and marginalized ethnic groups by dominant capitalist discourse, and provides a new critical dimension to the micro-mechanisms of ideological hegemony. At the same time, Hall is also committed to the exploration of reverse cultural strategies, with the aim of reclaiming the right of cultural identity’s authorship through discursive struggle, in an attempt to achieve the return of cultural identity after being suppressed. Today, the postmodern globalisation process has brought the problem of cultural identity anxiety to the forefront. As a response to the evolution of capitalist society, Hall’s cultural identity studies provide a new vision and tools for"resisting the oppression of the hegemonic class and its allies", and an in-depth analysis of them can help promote the introspection of cultural identity issues in China.