二战后美国国会立法机制改革研究

Study on the Legislative System Reform of the U.S. Congress after World War Ⅱ

立法机制改革,是二战后美国国会以提升自身立法能力的方式来制衡联邦行政权扩张的积极尝试。通过分析改革成效可知,既有的改革措施确实对提升美国国会立法能力和维护其在联邦政策制定过程中的话语权起到了积极作用,但由于这些措施均不同程度地陷入了围绕国会立法权行使方式展开的权力博弈,改革的实际成效始终未达到预期。如果美国国会仍试图继续其立法机制改革,则必须要找到既能有效提升立法能力,又能远离国会内部"权力游戏"的新路径。

The legislative system reform is an active attempt by the Congress to improve its legislative ability to check the expansion of the federal executive power after the World War Ⅱ. Through the analysis of the results of the reform, the existing reform measures have promoted the legislation capacity of the U.S. Congress,and played an active role in maintaining the power of congress in the federal policy making process. However,the actual results of these reforms have not been as effective as expected because they have all been caught up in the power games over the way Congress exercises its legislative power. If the U.S. Congress still tries to continue its legislative system reform, it must find new ways to effectively enhance its legislative capacity while staying out of the "power games" within Congress.