安徽省教育错配及其影响因素的实证研究

Research on Educational Mismatch and Its Influencing Factors in the Anhui Province

当前我国劳动力市场存在严重的供求不匹配,高等教育与市场需求脱节,教育和工作错配现象明显.在整理了以往研究的基础上,从人力资本理论、筛选理论、劳动力市场分割理论等方面对教育错配进行了理论解释.在对安徽省劳动者数据调研基础上,运用logistic回归分析发现,个人方面的最终学历和年龄因素,家庭方面的家庭所在城市类型因素,工作方面的工龄、工作地点、年收入等因素对教育错配影响显著.随着学历的提高,教育错配在逐步加剧;随着年龄增长,教育错配大致呈先升高再降低后再升高的趋势;家庭在三线以下城市的劳动者教育错配明显高于家庭在二线和三线城市的劳动者;随着工龄增加,教育错配先降低后增加;城市经济越发达,教育错配越明显;工作收入对教育错配的影响大致呈先升高后降低再升高的态势.但无论教育错配现象如何变化,适度教育始终是主流.根据研究结论,提出了部分政策性建议.

According to relevant researches,there is a serious mismatch between supply and demand in labor market.Higher education is out of line with market demand,and mismatches between education and work are obvious.On the basis of previous researches,theoretical explanations of educational mismatches are made from the aspects of human capital theory,screening theory,and labor market segmentation theory.Based on the survey of laborers’data in Anhui Province,logistic regression analysis on the data show certain factors which have a significant impact on educational mismatches,which includes the personal factors(the final education and age),the family factors(the type of city in which the family was),and the work factors(the working age,working place,and annual income).With the improvement of academic qualifications,the educational mismatch is gradually increasing.As we age,the educational mismatch generally rises first and then decreases and then rises again.The educational mismatch of workers from households below the third-tier cities is significantly higher than that of households in second-and third-tier cities.As the working age increases,the educational mismatch decreases first and then increases;the more developed the urban economy,the more obvious the educational mismatch;the impact of the work income on the educational mismatch increases first and then decreases,and then increases.But no matter how the educational mismatch changes,moderate education is always the mainstream.Based on the conclusions,the paper put forward some proposals.