四川鞍子河自然保护区及邻近地区蚂蚁群落研究

Ant communities in Anzihe Nature Reserve and adjacent area in Sichuan province

[目的]本文旨在调查四川鞍子河自然保护区及邻近地区不同样地的蚂蚁群落,全面揭示西南山地蚂蚁多样性规律。[方法]采用样地调查法进行调查;利用EstimateS.9.1.0程序对数据进行处理,分析抽样的充分性;利用多样性分析方法分析蚂蚁群落的组成、物种多样性及群落相似性;用Pearson相关分析方法分析蚂蚁物种多样性与植被的关系。[结果]记录蚂蚁6亚科、32属、62种,其中刻点棱胸蚁Pristomyrmex punctatus(Smith)、埃氏拟毛蚁Pseudolasius emeryi Forel、大阪举腹蚁Crematogaster osakensis Forel是该地区蚂蚁群落的优势种。各样地蚂蚁物种数目9~26(平均19.4),个体密度1.6~622.0头·m^(-2)(平均233.7头·m^(-2)),多样性指数0.9029~2.3607(平均1.9144),均匀度指数0.3067~0.8167(平均0.6577),优势度指数0.1153~0.5804(平均值0.2350)。蚂蚁群落物种数目、个体密度、多样性指数、均匀度指数和优势度指数随海拔升高在垂直带上出现2~3个峰值,呈现多域效应现象;相关性分析表明,多样性指数与乔木郁闭度、地被物盖度及地被物厚度呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05),均匀度指数与地被物盖度极显著正相关(P<0.01),优势度指数与乔木郁闭度和地被物厚度呈显著负相关(P<0.05),与地被物盖度极显著负相关(P<0.01)。相似性分析显示,垂直带上不同海拔蚂蚁群落之间差异明显。[结论]四川鞍子河自然保护区蚂蚁群落及物种多样性受海拔、植被特征、人为干扰等多个因素的共同影响,其中人为干扰和植被特征起决定作用;垂直带上不同海拔蚂蚁群落之间差异明显,具有不同保护价值。

[Objective]The objectives of present study was to clarify ant diversity in southwest mountains of China,and ant communities of Anzihe Nature Reserve and adjacent area.[Methods]Plot-sampling method was used to investigate ant communities of different sampling sites.EstimateS 9.1.0 software was used to process data and to analyze the adequacy of the sampling.Diversity analysis method was applied to analyze community characters,including community composition,diversity and similarity.Pearson correlation analysis was adopted to analyze the relationship between ant species diversity and vegetation feature.[Results]A total of 62 ant species were identified which belonged to 6 subfamilies and 32 genera,among of them,Pristomyrmex punctatus(Smith),Pseudolasius emeryi Forel and Crematogaster osakensis Forel were the dominant species in the ant communities of this area.The results showed that ant species numbers in different sampling sites ranged between 9 and26 with the average of 19.4;individual densities ranged between 1.6 and 622.0 heads·m^(-2) with the average of 233.7 heads·m^(-2);diversity indexes ranged between 0.9029 and 2.3607 with the average of 1.9144;evenness indexes ranged between0.3067 and 0.8167 with the average of 0.6577;and the dominant indexes ranged between 0.1153 and 0.5804 with the average of 0.2350.When the altitude increased,the values of ant species numbers,individual densities,diversity indexes,evenness indexes and dominance indexes of ant communities displayed 2~3 peaks on the vertical zone which expressed multi-domain effect phenomenon.Correlation analysis indicated that diversity index was positively related to canopy density,litter coverage and litter thickness(P<0.05);evenness index was significantly and positively related to litter coverage(P<0.01),but the dominance index was significantly and negatively related to canopy density and litter thickness(P<0.05),and litter coverage(P<0.01).Similarity coefficients indicated that ant communities of the altitude gradient on the vertical zone were obviously different.[Conclusion]It is concluded that ant community and species diversity of Anzihe Nature Reserve and adjacent area were affected by altitude,vegetation feature,human disturbance and other factors,in which human disturbance and vegetation feature played a decisive role,and there are obvious differences between ant communities at different altitudes on the vertical belt,and they showed different protection values.