基于微流控芯片的核酸等温扩增技术研究进展

Research Progress in Isothermal Amplification of Nucleic Acid Based on Microfluidic Chip

核酸等温扩增技术是一种在恒温体系内对核酸进行高效扩增的分子扩增技术,它能够在短时间内实现目的基因的指数增长。微流控芯片(microfluidic chip)技术是把研究样品制备、核酸富集、纯化和检测等多个操作步骤集成到一块"微型化"的芯片上,经自动化处理,得出实验结果,即"样品进,结果出"。将核酸等温扩增技术与微流控芯片相结合,不仅可以实现核酸快速扩增,还可以降低对实验器材的依赖。在床边即时诊断、病原体快速筛查中具有广阔的应用前景。综合国内外相关研究报道,综述了各种等温扩增技术原理,以及基于微流控芯片的核酸等温扩增技术应用,展望了集成化微流控芯片的发展趋势和应用前景。

The isothermal amplification technology of nucleic acid is a molecular amplification technology which can amplify nucleic acid efficiently in a constant temperature system.It can realize exponential growth of target gene in a short time.The microfluidic chip should not be too close to the surface,but should not be too close to the surface.Several steps,such as sample preparation,nucleic acid enrichment,purification and detection,should be integrated onto a"miniaturized"chip,and should be automatically treated to get the experimental result:"sample in,result out".The combination of the isothermal nucleic acid amplification technology and microfluidic chip can not only realize rapid nucleic acid amplification,but also reduce the dependence on experimental equipment.It has a broad application prospect in bedside instant diagnosis and pathogen rapid screening.The principle of isothermal amplification technology and the application of isothermal amplification technology of nucleic acid based on microfluidic chip are reviewed,and the development trend and application prospect of integrated microfluidic chip are prospeced.