大型飞机多轮多支柱起落架载荷飞行研究

Flight Research on Multi⁃wheel and Multi⁃strut Landing Gear Loads

为解决大飞机多轮多支柱起落架研制中的载荷分配难题,实测伊尔76飞机起落架载荷,对多支柱起落架在着陆撞击及转弯过程中的载荷特点进行详细分析。实测结果发现着陆时前、后主起落架承担的冲击载荷基本相当,起转载荷相对较大。与常规三点式起落架相比,转弯时多支柱起落架载荷有很大不同,前主起落架侧向载荷指向转弯圆心反方向,构成阻碍飞机转弯的力矩,同时与后主起落架侧向载荷构成对机身有害扭矩,是三支柱起落架没有的新的载荷情况。转弯时后主起落架承担较大侧向载荷,是垂向与侧向载荷组合受载的严重工况。转弯加大了前、后主起落架垂向载荷的不均匀性。

To solve the problem of load distribution of multi-wheel and multi-strut landing gears,the landing gear loads of Aircraft IL 76 are surveyed,and the loads acted on landing gears during landing and turning on ground are analyzed.From the measured results,it is found that loads acted on the front main gears and on the rear main gears are equivalent during landing,and the spin-up loads are serious.Turning is the special load case of the multi-strut landing gears compared with that of conventional three-pillar landing gear.The direction of lateral loads acted on the front main landing gears are contrary to the turning center,which will constitute the moment to hinder the turning of aircraft and cause disadvantageous torsion to the fuselage,which is a new load situation that the three-pillar landing gear does not have.The lateral loads on the rear landing gears provide the centripetal force for turning.For the rear landing gears turning,it is the serious combination loads case of vertical and lateral loads.Turning increases vertical loads nonuniformity between the front and the rear main landing gears.