劳动解放的中国起点:“五四”劳工话语的建构与转换

The Starting Point of Labor Liberation in China: The Construction andTransformation of Labor Discourse in the May Fourth Movement

自从1918年11月16日蔡元培喊出“劳工神圣”的口号以后,劳工问题逐渐成为“五四”知识分子关注的核心。而随着“五四运动”的历史性展开,劳工话语也逐渐从一般性的话语逐渐转换为劳动阶级解放的革命话语。形塑这一话语的因素是多方面的,如时代特征、中国社会现实的矛盾发展等。其中,“五四”先进知识分子的理智自觉无疑是十分重要的因素。从某种意义上,劳工话语的转换过程也是“五四”先进知识分子接受和转向马克思主义的过程。历史选择了马克思主义,1921年中国共产党成立,劳动解放中国征程的历史大幕从此拉开。

Since November 16,1918 when Cai Yuanpei shouted the slogan that“labor is sacred”,the labor issues have gradually become the focus of the May Fourth intellectuals.With the historic development of the May Fourth Movement,labor discourse gradually changed from general discourse to revolutionary discourse of the liberation of the working class.There are many factors shaping this discourse,such as the era characteristics,the contradictory development of Chinese real society and so on.Among them,the rational consciousness of the advanced intellectuals is undoubtedly a very important factor.In some sense,the process of labor discourse conversion is also the process of the advanced intellectuals of the May Fourth Movement to accept and turn to Marxism,which was chosen by history.With the founding of the Chinese Communist Party in 1921,a new era of Chinese revolution began.