湿地植物根形态结构和泌氧与盐和重金属吸收、积累、耐性关系的研究进展

Research advances in the relationship between root morphological structure,radial oxygen loss and salt/heavy metal uptake,accumulation and tolerance of wetland plants

目前大面积湿地面临着重金属污染和盐渍化问题。利用湿地植物修复这些受损生态系统和提高海水稻的产量、减少毒性金属元素在稻米中的积累是当前面临的重要任务。湿地植物(包括水稻)已发展出各种策略和机制来耐受不同的环境胁迫,它们的根系发育具有可塑性,如根形态和解剖结构会随外界条件的变化而变化,这些变化直接影响其对环境胁迫的适应性能。近年来,对湿地植物根形态和结构、泌氧与其对盐、重金属的吸收、积累和耐性之间的关系方面进行了一些重要研究。本文分别对湿地植物根系形态、质外体屏障、通气组织和泌氧与其对盐和重金属吸收、积累和耐性的关系等方面的研究进展进行了综述,并对该领域未来的发展方向作了展望。

Many wetlands are currently faced with the problems of heavy metal pollution and salinization.It is important to use wetland plants to remediate these damaged wetlands,to increase the yield of sea rice,and to reduce the accumulation of toxic metals in rice grains.Wetland plants(including rice)develop various strategies and mechanisms to withstand environmental stresses.Their root system has high plasticity.The root morphology and anatomical structure can change with environmental conditions,which directly affect their adaptability to environmental stresses.In recent years,many studies examined root morphology,structure and oxygen secretion of wetland plants,and their relationships with the uptake,accumulation and tolerance of salts and heavy metals.Here,we reviewed the relationships between root morphology,apoplastic barrier,aerenchyma and oxygen secretion of wetland plants and their uptake,accumulation and tolerance to salts and heavy metals.We further prospected the future development of this field.