全球水稻梯田生态系统服务研究进展

Research progress and prospects on ecosystem services of global rice terrace

水稻梯田生态系统具有多重服务价值,全球尺度上相关研究的系统梳理和总结可促进该领域的理解和认识。本文依据千年生态系统服务分类系统,采用系统文献分析法对全球水稻梯田生态系统服务研究进行整理并综述其进展。已发表的全球水稻梯田生态系统服务研究文献主要分布在中国、越南、菲律宾。从评价方法看,中国偏重于价值量评价,而国外偏重于物质量评价;国内4个梯田的价值量评价显示,梯田的调节和支持服务高于其他服务,但由于计算单元和方法不同难以相互相比;物质量评价方面,调节服务研究开展了较为深入的水土流失、灾害和虫害调节研究,支持服务对水稻生长有益的硅元素的循环转化进行了研究,供给服务以影响水稻生长的因素及其情景预测为主;景观尺度上,增加其他作物种植斑块可提高各类服务;基于生态系统服务矩阵与制图的分析框架具有良好应用前景。未来还应加强水稻梯田生态系统服务多尺度评估体系,从服务形成机理出发研究权衡协同关系,并加强景观尺度上的格局-过程-服务-人类福祉间的系统研究。

Rice terrace provides multiple ecosystem services.A global systematic review could improve the research and understanding of its ecosystem services.Based on the Millennium Ecosystem Service Classification System and systematic literature analysis,we summarized the research progress of global rice terrace ecosystem services.The literature on global rice terrace ecosystem services is mainly from China,Vietnam,and Philippines.Studies in China mainly use the value assessment method(VAM)while studies in foreign countries emphasize on physical assessment method(PAM)for assessing ecosystems services.The VAM results of Chinese rice terraces in four sites show higher regulating and supporting services than other ones.It is difficult to compare with each other due to different spatial units and calculating methods used in the studies.With respect to physical assessment,studies on regulating services were carried out on soil erosion,disaster,and pest regulations,studies on supporting services were carried out on the cycling and transformation of silicon that is beneficial to rice growth,and studies on provisioning services mainly focused on the impact factors for rice growth and its simulation prediction.At the landscape scale,increasing the number of patches planted with other crops beside rice could enhance all kinds of ecosystem services.The analysis framework based on ecosystem service matrix and mapping has promising application prospect.Future research should focus on the multi-scale evaluation system of rice terrace ecosystem services,the tradeoff/synergy relationships from aspects of service formation mechanism,and the relationships among the pattern,process,service,and human well-being at landscape scale.