防疫常态化背景下强制隔离观察的法制完善

The Improvement of Quarantine Legal System Based on Normalization of Epidemic Prevention

强制隔离观察是一种限制人身自由的行政强制措施,已成为防疫常态化背景下的一种常用防疫措施。目前强制隔离观察的决定主体设置方式不合理,强制实施手段法律依据不足,适用范围仅限于甲类传染病及准用甲类传染病的乙类传染病,新发传染病的密切接触者适用强制隔离观察缺少法律依据,使得国内多地在防疫实践中制定了与国家卫生部门发布标准相冲突的实施方案。法制完善的路径是协调修订《传染病防治法》及其实施细则,由卫生行政机关制定标准操作指南,以法律术语取代医学术语,根据传染病类型分级适用强制隔离观察措施,重置医疗机构和卫生行政机关的职能角色,建立要件齐备和可操作性强的运行程序。

Quarantine is a kind of compulsory measure to restrict personal freedom and becomes a common normalization of epidemic prevention measure.There are lots of defects in "Law on prevention and control of infectious diseases" which hinder the epidemic prevention practices, such as unclear definition of terms, lack of compulsory basis, and dispute of the subject of implementation.At present, quarantine is only applicable for class A infectious diseases leading to the shortage of legal basis of applicable of new infectious diseases.Local governments made different quarantine rules, which clash with national standards.It is necessary to amend the "Law on prevention and control of infectious diseases" and relevant implementation rules for the purpose of clearly defining the implementation subject, applicable standard, isolation period, isolation site and human rights protection.