行政诉讼起诉期限功能定位之反思与修正

Reflection and Amendment on the Functional Position of the Proceedings of Administrative Litigation

行政诉讼起诉期限的功能定位是起诉期限制度建构过程中的基础环节与关键步骤,决定着制度的整体架构与具体规则设计。起诉期限功能定位之既有观点裹挟着较多的"维护行政"的考量因素,或强调行政行为形式确定力之维护,或强调行政诉权保障与行政效率维护之间的平衡。实践中,以此为基础建构而成的起诉期限制度极易陷入以保障行政诉权之"名",行维护行政行为效力与行政效率之"实"的窘境。起诉期限功能定位的选择应当在遵循权利限度理论的基础上,与行政诉讼性质以及我国行政诉讼法立法目的相协调、匹配。起诉期限的功能定位应当修正为行政诉权的时间限制,以促成其作为行政诉讼基本概念的回归,并为日后行政诉讼制度的改革完善留有空间。

The functional positioning of the time limit for administrative litigation is the basic link and key steps in the construction process of the prosecution period system,which determines the overall structure of the system and the design of specific rules.The existing views on the functional positioning of the prosecution period enclose more consideration factors of"maintaining administration",or emphasize the maintenance of the certainty of the form of administrative action,or the balance between the guarantee of administrative litigation rights and the maintenance of administrative efficiency.In practice,the prosecution deadline system constructed on this basis is very easy to fall into the dilemma of protecting the"name"of the administrative prosecution right and maintaining the"reality"of the effectiveness of administrative actions and administrative efficiency.The choice of the prosecution period’s functional positioning should be coordinated and matched with the nature of administrative litigation and the legislative purpose of my country’s administrative litigation law on the basis of following the limit theory of rights.Therefore,the functional positioning of the time limit for litigation should be revised to the time limit of administrative litigation rights to promote its return as a basic concept of administrative litigation and leave room for the reform and improvement of the administrative litigation system.