违法建筑上合法权益的行政赔偿——张文胜诉沈阳市于洪区人民政府行政赔偿案评析

Administrative Compensation for Legitimate Rights in Illegal Construction——A Critique on the Case of Zhang Wensheng v.Shenyang Yuhong District People’s Government for Administrative Compensation

违法建筑上亦有合法权益,具体为建筑材料的所有权,违法建筑的拆除必然会带来建筑材料的减损。行政机关的强拆行为违法,并因此造成建筑材料损失扩大的,是对相对人合法权益的侵犯,行政赔偿责任可以证立。从司法实践来看,在强拆行为诸多违法面向中,可能造成建筑材料的损失扩大的有二,一是程序违法,二是拆除方式明显不当。其中,强拆行为程序违法剥夺了相对人的"自行拆除权"的,行政机关应当承担赔偿责任;损失扩大的比较基点在于最谨慎拆除方式下的损失。另外,强拆方式明显不当造成的建筑材料损害扩大的,行政机关也应当承担赔偿责任;损失扩大的比较基点在于行政机关采取适当强制拆除方式下的损失。法院应对强制拆除行为的合法性做全面审查,找出所有的违法面向,以防遗漏有可能的"违法——损害——因果关系"链条。

There are also legitimate rights in illegal construction, specifically the ownership of building materials.The demolition of illegal buildings will inevitably lead to the loss of building materials.The forced demolition of administrative organs violates the law and causes the expansion of the loss of building materials, which is an infringement on the legitimate rights and interests of the relative person, and the administrative liability for compensation can be proved.Judicial practice shows that among the many illegal aspects of forced demolition, there are two possible causes for the expansion of the loss of building materials, one is procedural violation, and the other is obvious improper demolition methods.If the procedure of forcible demolition violates the law and deprives the relative person of the right of self-demolition, the administrative organ shall bear the liability for compensation, and the comparative basis of the expansion of losses lies in the loss under the most cautious demolition mode.In addition, if the damage of building materials caused by the evident improper demolition method is widened, the administrative organs should also bear the liability for compensation, and the comparative basis of the expansion of the loss is that the administrative organs adopt the appropriate mandatory demolition method for the loss.The court should conduct a comprehensive review of the legality of the compulsory demolition and find out all aspects of the violation in order to avoid missing the possible chain of violation-damage-causation.