上海市杨浦区545例尘肺病患者流行病学特征

Epidemiological characteristics of 545 patients with pneumoconiosis in Yangpu District of Shanghai

目的掌握上海市杨浦区尘肺病发病情况,了解尘肺病患者流行病学特征,为制定上海市杨浦区尘肺病的防治政策提供依据。方法整理1956—2019年上海市杨浦区共545例尘肺病病例资料,对病例的基本情况、用人单位规模、接尘工龄、发病年龄、尘肺种类、工种及所属行业等特征进行描述和统计学分析。结果 1956—2019年上海市杨浦区共确诊尘肺病例545例,其中男性529例,女性16例;壹期336例,贰期160例,叁期49例;有用人单位的539例,其中大型企业125例,中型企业235例,小型企业179例,无用人单位的6例。不同规模用人单位平均发病年龄的差异无统计学意义(F=0.885,P>0.05);不同规模用人单位接尘工龄的差异有统计学意义(H=11.436,P<0.05)。上海市杨浦区尘肺种类最多的是铸工尘肺和矽肺;不同规模用人单位尘肺种类分布的差异有统计学意义(χ2=116.8,P<0.05)。上海市杨浦区尘肺病病例主要集中在金属制品业、铁路、船舶、航空航天和其他运输设备制造业、专用设备制造业、电气机械和器材制造业、通用设备制造业、燃气生产和供应业、黑色金属冶炼和压延加工业。结论上海市杨浦区要严格遵循国家各项文件精神,落实好三级预防的原则,从根源上杜绝新发尘肺病例的发生,保障既往尘肺病例的利益。

Objective To master the incidence of pneumoconiosis in Yangpu District of Shanghai, understand the epidemiological characteristics of pneumoconiosis patients, and provide basis for the formulation of the prevention and control policy of pneumoconiosis in Yangpu District of Shanghai. Methods The data of 545 pneumoconiosis cases in Yangpu District of Shanghai from 1956-2019 were summarized. The basic situation of the cases, the scale of the employing unit, the length of service in dust exposure, the age of onset, the type of pneumoconiosis, the type of work, the industry and other characteristics were described and statistically analyzed. Results There were 545 confirmed pneumoconiosis cases in Yangpu District of Shanghai from 1956-2019, including 529 male cases and 16 female cases. There were 336 cases in phase Ⅰ, 160 cases in phase Ⅱ and 49 cases in phase Ⅲ. Among the 539 cases with employers, 125 were from large enterprises, 235 were from medium-sized enterprises, 179 were from small enterprises, and 6 were from non-employers. There was no statistically significant difference in the average age of onset among different scale of employing units(F=0.885, P>0.05). There was statistically significant difference in the age of dust exposure among different scale of employing units(H=11.436, P<0.05). The most common types of pneumoconiosis in Yangpu District of Shanghai were foundry pneumoconiosis and silicosis. The difference in distribution of pneumoconiosis was statistically significant among different scale of employing units(χ2=116.8, P<0.05). The pneumoconiosis cases in Yangpu District of Shanghai were mainly concentrated in metal products industry, railway, shipping, aerospace and other transportation equipment manufacturing industry, special equipment manufacturing industry, electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing industry, general equipment manufacturing industry, gas production and supply industry, ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry.Conclusion Yangpu District of Shanghai should strictly follow the spirit of the national documents, implement the principle of three-level prevention, put an end to the occurrence of new pneumoconiosis cases and protect the interests of previous pneumoconiosis cases.