工作场所心理暴力对临床护士职业认同的影响

Influence of workplace psychological violence on clinical nurses’ professional identity

目的调查三级公立医院临床护士工作场所心理暴力与职业认同的现状及相关性,为护理管理者提升护士职业认同提供理论依据。方法采用便利抽样法,于2019年10—12月采用一般资料问卷、工作场所心理暴力问卷、职业认同量表对四川省4所三级公立医院527名临床护士进行调查。采用描述性分析、单因素分析、相关性分析和多元回归分析进行影响因素分析。结果 527名三级公立医院临床护士职业认同得分为100.99±12.05,处于中等水平。护士工作场所心理暴力得分为23.97±8.61,各维度得分由高到底分别为工作中被孤立、攻击职业地位、人格攻击和直接负面行为,得分率分别为19.14%、18.36%、11.54%和7.03%。相关性分析显示,职业认同与工作场所心理暴力呈负相关(r=-0.132~0.829,P<0.05)。多元回归分析显示,性别、职称、文化程度、工作压力、是否参加心理减压培训和工作场所心理暴力是三级综合医院临床护士职业认同的主要影响因素,可解释总变异的72.4%。结论三级公立医院临床护士职业认同处于中等水平,护士工作场所心理暴力是其重要影响因素,护理管理者应加强护理团队文化建设,增强团队和谐性与凝聚力,促进护理队伍健康发展。

Objective To investigate the status and correlation of workplace psychological violence and professional identity of clinical nurses in tertiary public hospitals, provide a theoretical basis for nursing managers to improve nurses’ professional identity. Methods The convenience sampling method was adopted. 527 clinical nurses in four tertiary public hospitals of Sichuan Province were surveyed by using the general information questionnaire, Workplace Psychologically Violent Behaviours(WPVB),and professional identity scale from October to December in 2019. Descriptive analysis, single factor analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were used to explore the influencing factors. Results The professional identity score of 527 clinical nurses in tertiary public hospitals was 100.99 ±12.05, which was at a medium level. The score of workplace psychological violence in nurses was 23.97 ±8.61, and the scores from high to low in each dimension were isolated at work,attacking professional status, personality attacks, and direct negative behaviors, which the scoring rate was 19.14%, 18.36%,11.54% and 7.03%, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that there was a negative correlation between professional identity and workplace psychological violence(r=-0.132-0.829, P<0.05). Multivariate regression analysis showed that gender, job title, education,work pressure, whether to participate in psychological decompression training, and workplace psychological violence were the main influencing factors of occupational identity of clinical nurses in tertiary general hospitals, explaining 72.4% of the total variation. Conclusion Professional identity of clinical nurses in tertiary public hospital is at a medium level, and nurses’ workplace psychological violence is an important influencing factor. Nursing managers should strengthen the construction of nursing team culture, enhance team harmony and cohesion, and promote the healthy development of nursing teams.