2014—2019年江阴市水痘流行病学特征分析

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of varicella in Jiangyin City from 2014-2019

目的分析江阴市水痘疫情流行特征,为制定水痘有效防控策略提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对2014—2019年江阴市水痘疫情资料进行分析。结果 2014—2019年江阴市共报告水痘病例8 328例,年平均报告率为83.58/10万,2019年病例数(2 567例)及发病率(155.41/10万)均最高。水痘病例在时间上呈逐年增高趋势,发病有明显季节性,每年5—7月和10月至次年1月呈双峰分布。年均发病率居前5位的乡镇为青阳镇(586例,114.16/10万)、澄江街道(2 277例,113.68/10万)、周庄镇(1 006例,109.61/10万)、新桥镇(256例,100.90/10万)及云亭街道(362例,94.00/10万)。男性病例多于女性,男女性别比为1.21∶1;15岁以下年龄组发病数为6 559例,占78.76%;学生发病数3 928例,占47.17%,其次为幼托儿童发病数2 334例,占28.03%。2014—2019年江阴市8起水痘暴发疫情主要发生在学校及幼托机构。2014—2017年水痘疫苗使用量与发病率呈负相关(r=-0.939,P<0.01),2014—2019年水痘疫苗使用量与发病率呈正相关(r=0.892,P<0.01)。结论 2014—2019年江阴市水痘疫情呈上升态势,发病年龄主要为15岁以下年龄组,小学及幼托机构为水痘主要暴发场所,应进一步加强水痘疫情监测与防控,提高适龄儿童水痘疫苗接种率,有效降低水痘的发病率和暴发疫情的发生。

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of varicella in Jiangyin City, provide basis for formulating effective prevention and control strategies for varicella. Methods The epidemic data of varicella in Jiangyin City from 2014-2019 were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Results A total of 8 328 varicella cases were reported in Jiangyin City from2014-2019, with an average annual reporting rate of 83.58/lakh. The number of cases(2 567 cases) and incidence rate(155.41/lakh)in 2019 were the highest. The varicella cases increased year by year, and there was obvious seasonality, with bimodal distribution in May-July and October-January of the next year. The top five towns with the highest annual incidence rate were Qingyang Town(586 cases, 114.16/lakh), Chengjiang Street(2 277 cases, 113.68/lakh), Zhouzhuang Town(1 006 cases, 109.61/lakh),Xinqiao Town(256 cases, 100.90/lakh) and Yunting Street(362 cases, 94.00/lakh). Male cases were more than female cases, with the male-to-female ratio of 1.21∶1. There were 6 559 cases in under 15 year-old age group, accounting for 78.76%. There were3 928 student cases, accounting for 47.17%, followed by 2 334 cases of kindergarten children, accounting for 28.03%. From 2014-2019, eight outbreaks of varicella mainly occurred in schools and kindergartens. The consumption of varicella vaccine was negatively correlated with the incidence rate from 2014-2017(r=-0.939, P<0.01), and the consumption of varicella vaccine was positively correlated with the incidence from 2014-2019(r=0.892, P<0.01). Conclusion The epidemic situation of varicella in Jiangyin City is on the rise from 2014-2019. The age of onset is mainly under 15 years old. Primary schools and kindergartens are the main places for the outbreak of varicella. It is necessary to strengthen surveillance and control of varicella, and increase the vaccination rate of varicella vaccine for eligible children, to reduce the incidence and outbreak of varicella.