2019年陕西省农村饮水安全工程水质卫生状况

Sanitation status of rural drinking water safety projects in Shaanxi Province in 2019

目的了解陕西省农村饮水安全工程水质卫生现状,为进一步解决好农村饮水安全问题提供参考依据。方法 2019年对陕西省全部涉农县(区)1 251处农村饮水安全工程开展水质卫生监测,参照GB 5749—2006《生活饮用水卫生标准》按照不同区域对水质常规指标加氨氮进行分析评价。结果 2019年采集分析有效水样4 952份,水质整体达标率为68.52%,不同区域水质达标率由高到低为陕南地区(75.07%)>关中地区(69.15%)>陕北地区(51.74%)(P<0.01);不同区域供水工程的供水规模、水源类型、水处理方式、消毒方式及消毒设备使用情况间的比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);采取消毒措施的工程水质达标率(79.26%)高于未采取消毒的工程(58.62%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);单项指标达标率由低到高前5位依次为总大肠菌群(79.95%)、氟化物(94.43%)、硫酸盐(96.30%)、菌落总数(96.67%)和六价铬(96.67%),不同区域微生物指标、铬、氟化物和硝酸盐氮达标率间的比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 2019年陕西省农村饮水安全工程水质以微生物指标超标为主,其次为氟化物、铬、硝酸盐氮等毒理学指标超标。建议政府持续实施巩固提升工程,强化工程建设运行管理,实现让群众喝上安全水和放心水的目标。

Objective To understand the current situation of water quality and sanitation of rural drinking water safety projects in Shaanxi Province, provide basis for further solving the problem of rural drinking water safety. Methods In 2019, 1 251 rural drinking water safety projects in all rural counties(districts) in Shaanxi Province were monitored for water quality and sanitation. Based on the Sanitary standard for drinking water(GB5749-2006), the conventional indicators of water quality and ammonia nitrogen were analyzed and evaluated according to different regions. Results In 2019, 4 952 effective water samples were collected and analyzed,and the overall standard-reaching rate of water quality was 68.52%. The standard-reaching rates from high to low in different regions were South Shaanxi region(75.07%)>Central Shaanxi region(69.15%)>North Shaanxi region(51.74%)(P<0.01). The differences in water supply scale, water source type, water treatment mode, disinfection mode and use of disinfection equipment were statistically significant among different regional water supply projects(P<0.01). The standard-reaching rate of water quality in the project with disinfection measures was higher(79.26%) than that in the project without disinfection(58.62%)(P <0.01). The standardreaching rate of the single index from low to high was the total coliform(79.95%), fluoride(94.43%), sulfate(96.30%), the total number of colonies(96.67%) and hexavalent chromium(96.67%). There were statistically significant differences in the standard-reaching rates of microbial indexes, chromium, fluoride and nitrate nitrogen among different regions(P<0.01). Conclusion For the water quality of rural drinking water safety projects in Shaanxi Province in 2019, the microorganism indexes exceeding the standard is common, followed by fluoride, chromium, nitrate nitrogen and other toxicological indexes. It is suggested that the government should continue to implement the consolidation and upgrading project, strengthen the construction and operation management of the project, and achieve the goal of letting the masses drink safe water and health water.