2016-2019年浙江省湖州市儿童严重急性呼吸道病毒感染流行病学分析

Epidemiology of severe acute respiratory tract virus infection in children in Huzhou,Zhejiang,2016-2019

目的了解2016—2019年浙江省湖州市儿童严重急性呼吸道感染(SARI)病毒分布情况,分析病毒病原学构成及流行情况,为科学防控与临床诊断治疗提供依据。方法回顾分析2016—2019年湖州地区14岁以下儿童SARI病例,采集呼吸道标本(咽拭子或下呼吸道标本),采用荧光PCR技术检测13项常见呼吸道病毒病原体。采用SPSS 22.0软件对数据结果进行统计分析。结果共收集病例2105例,儿童SARI病毒阳性检出率分别为57.27%、46.22%、32.71%和31.99%。不同年度阳性检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。病毒感染总阳性检出率为41.90%,其中位居前3位分别为呼吸道合胞病毒(8.98%)、甲型流感病毒(7.60%)、人腺病毒(5.94%)。春季、夏季、秋季、冬季呼吸道病毒感染阳性检出率分别为43.65%、30.75%、40.73%和49.67%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。0~、1~、4~、7~14岁年龄组阳性检出率分别为50.84%、52.98%、43.00%和36.22%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。0~和1~岁组感染阳性检出率明显高于4~和7~14岁组。男性感染阳性检出率(42.06%)和女性(41.69%)差异无统计学意义(P=0.864)。结论2016—2019年湖州地区儿童SARI病毒阳性检出率呈现逐年下降趋势,且基本处于散发状态,但病毒阳性检出率依然较高。1岁以下儿童更易感染呼吸道病毒,并可能引起SARI。冬春季依然是儿童呼吸道传染病的高发季节。

Objective To investigate the distribution of severe acute respiratory tract virus infection in children and the etiological characteristics and circulation of the pathogens in Huzhou,Zhejiang province,from 2016 to 2019,and provide evidence for thye effective prevention and control,clinical diagnosis and treatment of severe acute respiratory tract virus infection.Methods The throat swabs or lower respiratory tract samples were collected from children aged≤14 years with severe acute respiratory tract infections for the detections of 13 viruses with fluorescence multiple PCR.The results were analyzed by using SPSS 22.0.Results According to the annual analysis,the positive detection rates of acute respiratory tract virus infection in children from 2016 to 2019 were 57.27%,46.22%,32.71%and 31.99%,respectively,the differences in annual positive detection rate had significance(P<0.05).The overall positive detection rate was 41.90%.The top three pathogens were respiratory syncytial virus(8.98%),influenza A virus(7.60%)and human adenovirus(5.94%).The positive detection rates of respiratory tract virus infection in spring,summer,autumn and winter were 43.65%,30.75%,40.73%and 49.67%,respectively,the differences had significance(P<0.05).The positive detection rates of respiratory tract virus infection were higher in winter and spring.The positive detection rates were 50.84%,52.98%,43.00%and 36.22%,respectively,in age groups 0,1,4,and 7-14 years.the differences were significant(P<0.05).The positive detection rates in age groups 0 and 1 year were significantly higher than those in age groups 4 and 7-14 years.The positive detection rate was 42.06%in males and 41.69%in females,the difference was not significant(P=0.864).Conclusion The positive detection rate of viruses in children with acute respiratory tract infection showed a downward trend and the infection mainly occurred sporadically from 2016 to 2019,but the positive detection rate was still high.Children under 1 year old are more likely to be infected with respiratory virus.Winter and spring are still the season with high incidence of respiratory infections in children.It is necessary to pay close attention to acute respiratory tract virus infection in children.