出口技术升级与城乡内部劳动者收入差距

Export Technology Upgrading and Income Gap Between Urban and Rural Workers

文章基于国家高质量产业发展分类与2018年最新发布的美国405个行业投入产出表,并采用2013年中国工业企业数据库和中国家庭收入调查数据库(CHIP),通过计算中国"城市-行业"层面的"出口2025行业上游度指数",实证分析了出口技术升级对中国城乡内部不同技能劳动者收入差距的影响与作用机制。结果表明,出口技术升级会扩大城镇内部高技能与中低技能劳动者的收入差距,会缩小农村劳动力市场内部高技能与中低技能劳动者的收入差距。在影响机制方面,随着出口技术升级,高新技术企业增加,企业对城镇内部劳动力市场中高技能劳动者的需求更大,这导致城镇内部高技能与中低技能劳动者之间的收入差距扩大;而出口技术升级使得农村内部劳动力市场中对中低技能劳动者的需求更大,导致农村内部高技能与中低技能劳动者之间的收入差距缩小。

Based on the industry classification of"made in China 2025"and the latest U.S.input-output table released in 2018,China industrial enterprise database of 2013 and China household income survey database(CHIP),this paper calculates the"export2025 industry upstream index"at the level of"city-industry"in China.Meanwhile,this paper empirically analyzes the influence and mechanism of export technology upgrading on the income gap of different skilled workers in the China’s urban and rural area.The results show that the upgrading of export technology will expand the income gap between high skilled and medium&low skilled workers in urban areas,and will narrow the income gap between high skilled and medium&low skilled workers in rural labor market.In terms of influence mechanism,the upgrading of export technology increasing the number of high-tech enterprises with demand for high skilled workers,wihch will result in the widening income gap between high skilled workers and medium&low skilled workers in the urban labor market;while the upgrading of export technology makes the demand for medium&low skilled workers in the rural internal labor market greater,which will close the gap between high skilled workers and medium&low skilled workers within rural areas.