消防服研究进展与概述

Research Progress of Fire-fighting Clothing

消防服是救援人员在工作环境中减少热危害的重要屏障,主要功能是减缓环境向人体皮肤的热传递,从而保障救援人员的生命安全。为提高消防服的防护性能,文中概述服装的多层结构和性能要求,从阻燃性、热防护性和热湿舒适性方面介绍服装防护性能的测试方法及相关标准,其中阻燃性试验包括极限氧指数法和燃烧法;热防护性测试包括TPP、RPP、SET和燃烧假人试验法;热湿舒适性测试主要通过主观评价和客观评价来实现。从织物结构、厚度、物理性能和空气间隙等方面讨论消防服热防护性能的影响因素,基于新型材料的开发、人性化的设计和互联网技术的引入讨论消防服的发展趋势。

Fire suit is the important barrier for rescue workers to reduce thermal hazards in the working environment. Its main function is to slow down the heat transfering from the environment to human skin and to ensure the safety of rescue workers. In order to improve the protective performance of fire-fighting clothing, this paper summarizes the multi-layer structure and performance requirements of fire-fighting clothing. It introduces the test methods and related standards of fire-fighting clothing’s protective performance from the aspects of flame retardancy,thermal protection and thermal-wet comfort. The flame retardancy test includes limit oxygen index method and combustion method. Thermal protection performance test includes TPP, RPP, SET and flame manikin test method.Thermal and wet comfort test is mainly realized by subjective evaluation and objective evaluation. According to fabric structure, thickness, physical properties and air gap, the influencing factors of protective performance of fire protection clothing are discussed. Based on the development of new materials, humanized design and the introduction of Internet technology points out the development trend of fire-fighting clothing.