单身女性生育权问题探讨

On the Reproductive Rights of Single Women

享有生育权意味着生育行为能得到法律的保护,我国立法没有剥夺单身女性的生育权,但在生育权的实现上却以婚姻关系存在为前提,从而实质剥夺了其生育权。生育作为基本人权的人格权性质决定了单身女性应享有生育权,生育是妇女为国家做贡献,是履行社会责任的体现,也不会损害未成年人利益,单身女性生育权的实现具有正当性和可行性。单身女性生育会引发亲子认定、子女身份知情权、单身男性的生育权以及与其婚姻权实现等现实问题,这些问题在现有法律框架内都是可以得到解决的。从长远角度出发,我国应建立以宪法为核心的公民生育权保障法律体系,同时对单身女性生育权的行使加以必要规制,改变人们生育观念,适时调整我国的生育政策。

Entitlement to reproductive rights means that reproductive behavior can be protected by law.China’s legislation does not deprive single women of their reproductive rights,but the realization of the right is based on the marital relationship.Thus,it essentially deprives single women of their reproductive rights.Reproduction is a personality right of fundamental human right,which determines that single women should be entitled to reproductive rights.Reproduction is how women contribute to the country and fulfill social responsibility,and it does not infringe the interests of minors.Realizing reproductive rights of single women is therefore legitimate and feasible.Practical issues including paternity test,children’s right to know,reproductive right of single men and the realization of marital rights,are caused by single women’reproduction but can be solved within the existing legal framework.For the long-term,our country should establish the legal system that protects citizen’s reproductive rights with the Constitution at its core.At the same time,we should regulate the exercise of single women’reproductive rights,change the general public’s view on reproduction,and adjust our reproduction policy accordingly.