吸纳歌德的六个要求——雅斯贝斯论歌德

Six Requirements of Adopting Goethe:Jaspers on Goethe

雅斯贝斯在关于歌德的演讲中提出了吸纳歌德的六个要求:第一,不要神化任何人,歌德这样的伟大人物也不能例外;第二,歌德是一个路标,而不是一个可供模仿的典范;第三,歌德固然为种种事情提供了理由,不过我们并不能教条化地引用歌德的话替自己的言行作理由化的辩护;第四,既要关注歌德式的"权威",也要关注克尔凯郭尔、尼采式的"例外";第五,不要把歌德的局限全然当成我们的局限,毋宁说我们已然超越了歌德特有的局限;第六,要把歌德故居建成收集歌德全部文献的场所与供人研究歌德思想的园地,在重新激活歌德原初人格的同时与歌德展开诉诸"爱的斗争"的生存交往。

In his lectures on Goethe,Karl Jaspers put forward six requirements in adopting Goethe.First,do not mythologize anybody,and there is no exception in the case of Goethe;second,Goethe is a guidepost,not an example to imitate;third,Goethe gives reasons for a variety of things but we cannot justify our words and actions by doggedly quoting Goethe’s words;fourth,not only should we pay attention to the authorities such as Goethe,but also the exceptions such as Kierkegaard and Nietzsche;fifth,do not take Goethe’s limitations as our own limitations,and let alone say that we have exceeded his limitations;sixth,try to turn Goethe’s former residence into a place for collecting all his documents and a garden for researching his thought so as to reactivate his original personality and meanwhile start the existential communication with Goethe displayed in the form of"the battle of love".