现代阿富汗的语言政策演变及其动因分析

An analysis of the changes of modern Afghanistan’s language policy and its causes

作为我国邻国和"一带一路"沿线重要国家,阿富汗的语言国情非常复杂。20世纪30年代以前,阿富汗在语言规划方面进行了一些零星的尝试,但没有确立国语和官方语言,达里语(阿富汗的波斯语)长期保持行政、教学、贸易语言的地位。此后,阿富汗的语言政策先后经历了普什图语优先化、民族平等的多元化和多语的演变过程,一定程度上解决了达里语、普什图语和少数民族语言之间的竞争问题。本研究对我国与"一带一路"沿线国家语言互联互通的建设、对我国语言政策的研究和制定具有一定的启示和参考意义。

Before the 1930 s,Afghanistan made some sporadic attempts in language planning,but did not establish its national language and official language.Dari has maintained its position as an administrative,teaching and trade language for a long time.From the 1930 s to the 1970 s,in order to build an Afghan nation-state,the government of Afghanistan formulated a language policy that gives priority to the development of Pashto.Later,the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan adopted a pluralistic language policy upholding national equality in all its languages.After the fall of the Taliban regime,the Afghan government has implemented multilingual policies covering Dari,Pashto and minority languages.As a multi-ethnic country,the greatest task of its language policy is to handle the relationship between Pashto and Dari.