楢山信仰包裹下的村落共同体与个人身份的建构——论深泽七郎《楢山节考》

The Construction of Village Community and Personal Identity under the Belief of Narayama: On Fukuzawa Shichiro’s Narayama bushikou

以弃老为题材的《楢山节考》在日本战后文坛引起轰动并让同时代的作家和读者大加赞赏的原因不只是因为作品故事情节的"特异性"。在和谐平静的民谣氛围的笼罩下,作品究竟触碰到了昭和三十年代的读者内心哪些脆弱的情感和阴暗的回忆?本论文将结合民俗学进行考证,深入信州一处封闭的贫困村落,探索以楢山信仰为精神纽带的共同体当中以阿铃为代表的村民个体是如何实现理想化的身份建构来获得他者的认同,同时通过考察文本中的饯别酒席和楢山之路等阴气逼人的场面描写,揭示作者对日本战时军国主义统治下民众的舍私为公和战后经济凋敝、民不聊生之社会现状的抨击与反思。

The reasons why Narayama bushikou, a book featuring elder abandonment, became a hit in postwar Japanese literature and was greatly appreciated by both writers and readers during the same period, are not limited to the particularity of its plots. Under the folklore-like atmosphere of harmony, peace and tranquility what vulnerable feelings and gloomy memories does the book touch upon to the readers of the 1950 s? Based on the knowledge of folklore, this paper goes deep into a poor and backward village named Xinzhou to explore how the villagers represented by Ling constructed their self-identity in a community spiritually connected by the belief of Narayama. At the same time, by investigating the description on the farewell banquet and the road to Mount Narayama in the text, this paper reveals Fukuzawa Shichiro’s reflections and criticisms of people who gave up their private property for the country under the control of militarism in wartime, and the social situation of the postwar economic depression and the people’s poverty.