南通市职业性尘肺流行病学特征的调查

Investigation on epidemiological characteristics of occupational pneumoconiosis in Nantong City

目的了解江苏省南通市职业性尘肺的发病情况,探讨其流行病学特征,为防治对策提供依据。方法通过"职业病与职业卫生信息监测系统"对2007年1月1日-2018年12月31日江苏省南通市职业性尘肺病报告卡信息进行梳理,对其流行病学特征进行分析。结果江苏省南通市职业性尘肺病新报告40例,包含矽肺、电焊工尘肺、煤工尘肺、陶工尘肺、水泥尘肺、石墨尘肺、碳黑尘肺和其他尘肺。矽肺26例(65.23%),煤工尘肺5例(13.58%),其他尘肺2例(5.00%);其中壹期病例28例(70.00%),贰期病例10例(25.00%),叁期病例2例(5.00%)。尘肺病例诊断年龄主要集中在51~<61、61~<71岁组。在职业性尘肺病壹期病例中,平均发病年龄为(53.18±4.30)岁,平均接尘工龄为(19.46±4.67)年。不同接尘起始年份发病工龄比较,差异有统计学意义(F=56.226,P<0.05)。职业性尘肺病发病率最高的为制造业27例(67.50%),其次为采矿业(6例,15.00%)、建筑业(3例,7.50%)。病例主要分布在中型企业(13例,32.50%)和小型企业(14例,35.00%);企业经济类型分布主要为私有经济类型最高(22例,55.00%)。结论江苏省南通市职业病尘肺防治工作形势依然严峻,应该加强对高发行业尘肺病的防治工作。

Objective To understand the incidence of occupational pneumoconiosis in Nantong City of Jiangsu Province,explore its epidemiological characteristics,and provide basis for the countermeasures of prevention and treatment.Methods The information of occupational pneumoconiosis report cards in Nantong City of Jiangsu Province from January 1,2007 to December 31,2018 was combed through the"occupational disease and occupational health information monitoring system",and its epidemiological characteristics were analyzed.Results A total of 40 cases of occupational pneumoconiosis were newly reported in Nantong City of Jiangsu Province,including silicosis,welder’s pneumoconiosis,coal worker’s pneumoconiosis,potter’s pneumoconiosis,cement pneumoconiosis,graphite pneumoconiosis,carbon black pneumoconiosis and other pneumoconiosis.There were 26 cases of silicosis(65.23%),5 cases of coal worker’s pneumoconiosis(13.58%)and 2 cases of other pneumoconiosis(5.00%).Among them,28 cases were in phaseⅠ(70.00%),10 cases in phaseⅡ(25.00%)and 2 cases in phaseⅢ(5.00%).The diagnosis age of pneumoconiosis was mainly concentrated in 51-<61 and 61-<71 year-old groups.In the cases of occupational pneumoconiosis at phaseⅠ,the average age of onset was(53.18±4.30)years old,and the average age of dust exposure was(19.46±4.67)years.There was statistically significant dif ference in the age of onset among case with starting year of dust exposure(F=56.226,P<0.05).The highest incidence of occupational pneumoconiosis was in manufacturing industry(27 cases,67.50%),followed by mining industry(6 cases,15.00%)and construction industry(3 cases,7.50%).The cases were mainly distributed in medium-sized enterprises(13 cases,32.50%)and small enterprises(14 cases,35.00%).For the economy types of enterprises,the cases were mainly distributed in private economy(22 cases,55.00%).Conclusion The prevention and treatment of occupational pneumoconiosis in Nantong City of Jiangsu Province is still severe.It is necessary to strengthen the prevention and treatment of pneumoconiosis in high incidence industries.