铁路信号电子产品制造过程中铅锡焊作业职业病危害现场调查

Field investigation of occupational hazards during lead tin welding in manufacturing process of railway signal electronic products

目的了解陕西省某铁路信号公司电子产品制造过程中铅锡焊作业点的分布及工人接触水平,明确该行业生产过程中的职业病危害关键控制点。方法2019年5月,依据国家职业卫生采样分析标准规范,采用职业卫生现场调查法、职业卫生检测法和系统工程分析法对陕西某铁路信号公司电子产品制造过程进行综合分析。结果陕西某铁路信号公司电子产品制造过程中存在的主要职业病危害因素为铅烟和二氧化锡。现场检测结果表明,正常生产过程中各工种接触铅烟时间加权接触浓度(CTWA)<0.006 mg/m^(3),超限倍数<0.5,与时间加权平均容许浓度(PC-TWA,0.03 mg/m^(3))及最大超限倍数(3)相比,均低于50%职业接触限值;接触二氧化锡CTWA低于0.4 mg/m^(3),超限倍数低于0.5,与PC-TWA(2.5 mg/m^(3))及最大超限倍数(2.5)相比,均低于50%职业接触限值。结论陕西某铁路信号公司电子产品制造过程的关键控制点为铅锡焊的排风,生产企业应加强排风设施的日常维护,保证控制点风速达标,并做好个人防护,定期做好员工的职业卫生培训及职业健康检查。

Objective To understand the distribution of lead tin welding operation points and workers’exposure level in the manufacturing process of electronic products of a railway signal company in Shaanxi Province,identify the critical control points of occupational hazards in the production process of the industry.Methods In May 2019,according to the national standards for sampling and analysis of occupational health,the manufacturing process of electronic products of a railway signal company in Shaanxi Province was comprehensively analyzed by the methods of occupational health field investigation,occupational health detection and system engineering analysis.Results The main occupational hazards in the manufacturing process of electronic products of a railway signal company in Shaanxi Province were lead smoke and tin dioxide.The field test results show that the time weighted average concentration(CTWA)of lead smoke in the normal production process was lower than 0.006 mg/m^(3),and the excursion limits was lower than 0.5.Compared with time weighted average allowable concentration(PC-TWA,0.03 mg/m^(3))and the maximum excursion limits(3),they were lower than 50%of occupational exposure limits.The CTWAof tin dioxide was lower than0.4 mg/m^(3),and the excursion limits was lower than 0.5.Compared with PC-TWA(2.5 mg/m^(3))and the maximum excursion limits(2.5),they were lower than 50%of occupational exposure limits.Conclusion The critical control point is the exhaust of lead tin welding in the manufacturing process of electronic products of the company.The company should strengthen the daily maintenance of exhaust facilities,ensure that the wind speed reaches the standard at the control point,improve job in personal protection,and regularly carry out occupational health training and physical examination for employees.