西方关于批判性思维内涵、属性和影响因素的论争

Western Debates on Critical Thinking:Concept,Attribute and Influencing Factor

20世纪80年代以来,为了应对全球经济对学生技能水平的要求,西方国家开始广泛关注学生批判性思维的培养,使之逐渐成为各国高等教育改革的重要议题。但是,关于批判性思维的内涵、属性和影响因素等几个关键问题却一直存在论争。从批判性思维的内涵、属性和影响因素来看,西方国家存在强调"思维技能"还是"社会参与"、适用于"所有学科"还是"特定学科"、受"东西方文化的差异"还是"教育环境的差异"影响等几个方面的论争。

Since the 1980s,in order to respond to the requirements of the global economy for students’ skill levels,Western countries have begun to pay attention to the cultivation of students’ critical thinking,which has gradually become an important topic of higher education reforms in various countries.However,there are always debates on several key issues such as the concept,attribute and influencing factor of critical thinking.From the perspective of the concept,attribute and influencing factor of critical thinking,the debates in Western countries are around whether to emphasis "thinking skills" or "social participation",whether they are applicable to "all disciplines" or "specific disciplines",and whether they are affected by "differences between oriental and western cultures" or "differences in educational environments".