批判教育学的新主题:世界主义及其理性的研究——以托马斯·波克维茨为例

New Theme for Critical Pedagogy:Research on Cosmopolitanism and Reason——Taking Thomas Popkewitz as an Example

批判教育学是西方20世纪70年代之后有着重要影响的教育理论,一直致力于"人的解放"和"培养新公民",对教育进行了批判性的反思与实践。自迈入21世纪以来,以托马斯·波克维茨为代表的西方学者从社会认识论的角度出发,主张将研究主题从人的解放转移到世界主义的讨论上,认为世界主义是张扬人的能动性、操纵人的心灵、使个体自觉服从社会发展与国家权威的工具。他们还主张把培养新公民的目标转移到培养世界公民上,提出终身学习者身上具有世界公民的特质,如解决问题的能力、协同合作的精神和追求知识创新的强烈意愿等,并指出世界主义的理性原则具有双重特性,即包容性与区分性并存,期望与担忧并存。

Critical pedagogy is an influential education philosophy in western world since 1970s,which adheres to emancipating people from oppression and cultivating new citizens,stressing critical reflection and practice upon education.Since entering 21st century,from the perspectives of social epistemology,western scholars,represented by Thomas Popkewitz,advocate that research topics should be shifted from people emancipation to cosmopolitanism.They believe that cosmopolitanism is a tool to carry forward human agency,manipulate people’s soul and make individuals actively obey social development and national authority.Besides,they suggested that the goal of new citizen cultivation should be switched to cultivate "citizens of the world",putting forward that lifelong learners take on some characteristics of world citizens,such as problems-solving ability,cooperative spirit,strong willingness to pursue knowledge innovation etc.They point out that the reason principle of cosmopolitanism has double qualities:inclusion and exclusion,hope of the future and fears about dangers.