自治与问责:俄罗斯高等教育治理变革双重向度

Autonomy and Accountability:Dual Dimension of Governance Reform in Russian Higher Education

苏联解体以来,自治与问责历史性地结合在一起,成为俄罗斯高等教育治理变革的双重向度。一方面,俄罗斯发生了史无前例的扩大大学自主权的变革,大学获得了前所未有的学术自主权、行政自主权和财政自主权;另一方面,发生了大规模的"问责运动",强调利益相关者共同参与,以质量为问责核心内容,多种问责方式并存,以应答和奖惩相结合的方式处理问责结果。同时,这一变革注重在自治与问责之间建立相对平衡,这种平衡彰显了自治与问责之间天然对立冲突而又统一共生的富有张力的关系。

Since the collapse of the Soviet Union,autonomy and accountability have been historically combined in the governance reform of Russian higher education.On the one hand,universities have gained unprecedented academic,administrative and financial autonomy.On the other hand,a large-scaled accountability movement has taken place,which emphasizes the participation of multiple stakeholders,taking quality as the main content,using a variety of accountability ways,handling the results with responsive,rewarding and punishing way.Moreover,a relative balance between autonomy and accountability has been established.However,there is a tension between them,which highlights both conflict and unity in their relationship.