大学高层次人才生成中国际学术流动及演变——基于我国5类项目人才履历的实证分析

The International Academic Mobility and Change of in the High-Level Talents’ Generation——Based on the Empirical Analysis of Chinese Five Project Talents

对我国5类项目人才7541份简历信息的统计分析显示,40年来我国大学高层次人才求学期与工作期的国际学术流动率不断下降,但表现出向世界一流院校和顶级院校集中的发展态势;40年来北美、欧洲和东亚作为我国大学高层次人才境外求学与工作的主要区域经历了不同的变化,而"一带一路"沿线的崛起弱化了北美的中心地位。研究认为,基于效率主义取向的重点大学政策在提升我国大学实力的同时也在一定程度上降低了人才的国际学术流动率,"一带一路"沿线作为新的国际迁移地可有效规避高端人才流失的潜在风险。为此,应充分利用"一带一路"沿线的优质高等教育资源,并理性看待国际学术流动在大学高层次人才生成中的意义。

This article analyzes the information of 7541 resumes of five project talents in China.The study finds that,in the past 40 years,the rate of international academic mobility of Chinese high-level talents has been decreasing,but it shows a tendency that the mobility concentrates on the world-class universities and top universities.As the main regions of study and work,North America,Europe and East Asia have experienced different changes in the past 40 years,and the rise of the "Belt and Road" route has weakened the central position of North America.Research shows that,the key university policy based on the efficiency orientation not only enhances our universities’ strength,but also reduces the international academic mobility rate,and the "Belt and Road" routes as a new international migration can effectively avoid the brain drain.So,we should make full use of high-quality higher education resources in the "Belt and Road",and rationally look at the significance of international academic mobility in the high-level talents’ generation.