绿地空间暴露与人群健康效应的研究进展

Research progress on exposure and health effects of green space

研究发现绿地空间暴露对人群健康有保护作用,但国内相关领域研究开展较少。本文通过土地利用、卫星遥感、街景等不同类型数据来阐述目前主要的绿地空间暴露评估方法、研究设计,同时梳理绿地空间暴露相关的急性、慢性健康效应研究进展。目前的流行病学研究进展具有以下特点:1)多数研究集中在发达国家,发展中国家研究较少;2)绿地空间暴露对妊娠期、婴儿期、青少年期、成年期及老年期等生命周期不同阶段的健康结局可能都具有健康效应;3)绿地空间暴露对增加出生体重和降低死亡率等方面的保护作用结论较一致,但与其他健康结局的关联尚不一致;4)目前绿地空间暴露健康效应的作用机制尚不清晰。

Accumulating studies suggest that green space exposure is related to a variety of health benefits;however, limited studies have been conducted in China. We reviewed the methods of exposure assessment, study designs, and main findings of previous studies regarding to green space exposure and its acute and chronic health effects. In the aspect of exposure assessments, different types of indicators were employed in the epidemiological studies, such as land use types of green space, greenness index retrieved from satellite remote sensing data, and green space expsosure data extracted from the images of street view. Epidemiological studies of green space exposure have the following features: 1) The majority of the studies were conducted in developed countries rather than developing ones;2) Green space exposure was suggested to have potential health effects in various stages of the life cycle from pregnancy, infancy, adolescence, adulthood to senior years;3) Results were consistent that exposure to green space might improve birth weight and be protective against mortality, whereas failed to be consistent on other health outcomes;4) The mechanisms of health benefits of green space were still unclear.