我国农村化粪池污染物去除效果及影响因素分析

Pollutant-removal performance of rural septic tank and its influencing factors

探究农村化粪池污染物去除效果及主要影响因素对于理解我国农村化粪池粪污处理现状十分必要。本研究基于山西、陕西、浙江、湖南、广东和重庆6个选点区域57家农户化粪池的监测结果,分析了农村化粪池处理污染物的现状和主要影响因素。结果表明,区域化粪池对化学需氧量(COD)、5日生化需氧量(BOD_(5))、氨氮(NH_(3)-N)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、动植物油(AVO)的削减率范围分别为21%~65%、29%~72%、−12%~−2%、4%~12%、7%~21%、34%~62%,整体表现为广东>浙江>湖南>重庆>山西>陕西;由于对居民用排水习惯、化粪池纳污来源的影响,温度、湿度、降雨量与化粪池污染物浓度及其去除率有较好的相关性。该研究结果可为化粪池去污效能的改善以及相关政策的制定提供参考。

To further understand the current working status of septic tanks in rural areas of China,it is necessary to explore the specific pollutant-removal efficiency of rural septic tanks and identify the main influencing factors.In this study,57 typical rural septic tanks from Shanxi,Shaanxi,Zhejiang,Hunan,Guangdong,and Chongqing provinces were investigated.The results indicated that the removal rates of COD,BOD_(5),ammonia nitrogen(NH_(3)-N),total nitrogen(TN),total phosphorus(TP),animal and vegetable oils(AVO)were 21%~65%,29%~72%,−12%~−2%,4%~12%,7%~21%,34%~62%,respectively,and total removal rates ranked were Guangdong>Zhejiang>Hunan>Chongqing>Shanxi>Shaanxi.Due to the influence on residents’drainage habits and the source of sewage in septic tanks,temperature and humidity in air,and precipitation were highly related to the concentration of pollutants and its removal efficiency.The results are expected to provide basic information for improving performance of septic tanks and making policy relevant to rural areas of China.