学龄前哮喘患儿家长报告结局的现状与影响因素分析

Current status and influencing factors of parent reported outcomes of preschool children with asthma

目的调查学龄前哮喘患儿家长报告结局的现状并分析影响因素。方法选取2019年10—12月在郑州大学附属儿童医院呼吸哮喘门诊前来就诊的学龄前哮喘患儿家长为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、儿童哮喘控制测试(C-ACT)、哮喘患儿家长报告结局量表对382例哮喘患儿及其家长382名进行调查,采用多重线性回归分析哮喘患儿家长报告结局的影响因素。共发放问卷382份,回收有效问卷376份,有效回收率为98.4%。结果376例患儿哮喘控制得分为(21.95±3.54)分,哮喘患儿家长报告结局得分为(97.20±18.38)分;单因素分析结果显示,患儿家长报告结局得分在与患儿的关系、家长文化程度、家庭居住地、家庭月收入方面比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);多重线性回归分析显示,家长文化程度、家庭月收入和哮喘控制水平是哮喘患儿家长报告结局的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论学龄前哮喘患儿家长报告结局受文化程度、家庭月收入低、哮喘控制水平的影响,临床医护人员应从居家照护、环境、饮食和运动等方面更具针对性地为患儿及家庭进行个性化干预,帮助其更好地进行疾病管理,提高患儿哮喘控制水平。

Objective To explore the current status of reporting outcomes by parents of preschool children with asthma and analyze its influencing factors.Methods From October to December 2019,we selected parents of preschool children with asthma who came to the Respiratory Asthma Clinic of Children's Hospital Affiliated of Zhengzhou University.The General Information Questionnaire,Children Asthma Control Test(C-ACT)and Scale for Reporting Outcomes by Parents of Children with Asthma were used to investigate 382 children with asthma and their parents.Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of the reporting outcomes by parents of children with asthma.A total of 382 questionnaires were issued,and 376 valid questionnaires were returned with the effective response rate of 98.4%.Results Among 376 children,scores of asthma control and reporting outcomes by parents of children with asthma were(21.95±3.54)and(97.20±18.38)respectively.The results of univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in the reporting outcomes by parents of children in terms of the relationship with the children,parents'education level,family residence and family monthly income(P<0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that parental education level,monthly family income and asthma control level were the influencing factors of the reporting outcomes by parents of children with asthma(P<0.05).Conclusions Outcomes reported by parents of preschool children with asthma are affected by education level,low family monthly income and asthma control level.Clinical medical and nursing staff should provide targeted and personalized interventions for children and their families in terms of home care,environment,diet and exercise,to help them manage their diseases and improve the level of asthma control in children.