40个谷子品种秸秆饲用营养品质分析与评价

Evaluation and analysis of feeding nutrient quality of 40 foxtail millet cultivars straw

为了提高谷子秸秆的利用率,进而提高饲草产业附加值及其可持续性,试验以2019年谷子育种中秆高超过170 cm的晋谷21、晋谷21A、晋谷29、晋谷40、晋谷54、晋谷57、晋谷57A、汾选3号、晋汾103、晋汾106、晋汾107、长分1、长生14、长农35、承谷14、品比23、品比29、品比30、品比32、品比33、品比37、品鉴37、品鉴38、品鉴40、品鉴41、品鉴42、品鉴44、F3 24-3、F3 35-2、F3 64-2、F3 162-2、F4 23-2、F4 30-2、F4 33-2、F4 44-1、F4 51-1、F4 68-2、F4 69-3、F4 118-1、F4 130-2 40个谷子品种材料为研究对象,采用化学分析法对收获谷穗后各谷子品种的秸秆饲用营养成分指标(粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、粗灰分)进行测定,计算有机质消化率,采用DPS和SPSS软件对40个谷子品种秸秆营养品质进行方差和聚类分析,筛选低粗纤维、高粗蛋白、高粗脂肪、高粗灰分含量的谷子品种。结果表明:40个谷子品种的秸秆中,低于粗纤维含量平均值34.44%的品种有20个(晋谷29、晋谷40、晋谷54、晋谷57A、汾选3号、晋汾107、长分1、长生14、长农35、承谷14、品比23、品比29、品比32、品比33、品比37、品鉴38、品鉴40、品鉴44、F3 162-2、F4 30-2),其中粗蛋白含量超过平均值(5.31%)的品种有8个(晋谷57A、汾选3号、晋汾107、长分1、长生14、长农35、承谷14、F3 162-2);F4 69-3的粗蛋白含量最高,为9.96%;品比29的粗脂肪含量最高,为1.17%;汾选3号的粗纤维含量最低,为26.11%,并且其有机质消化率最高,为64.01%;晋汾106的粗灰分含量最高,为11.91%。采用各营养成分指标及有机质消化率对40个谷子品种秸秆饲用营养品质进行显著性差异分析评价,与聚类结果相一致,说明汾选3号、F3 162-2、长分1、晋谷57A、承谷14、晋汾107、长农35、长生14、F4 44-1、晋谷21A 10个品种谷子秸秆更适合作为优质饲草。

In order to improve the utilization rate of foxtail millet straw and increase the added value and sustainability of the forage grass industry, a total of 40 millet varieties with stalks(JG 21, JG 21 A, JG 29, JG 40, JG 54, JG 57, JG 57 A, FX 3, JF 103, JF 106, JF 107, CF 1, CS 14, CN 35, CG 14, PB 23, PB 29, PB 30, PB 32, PB 33, PB 37, PJ 37, PJ 38, PJ 40, PJ 41, PJ 42, PJ 44, F3 24-3, F3 35-2, F3 64-2, F3 162-2, F4 23-2, F4 30-2, F4 33-2, F4 44-1, F4 51-1, F4 68-2, F4 69-3, F4 118-1, F4 130-2) over 170 cm high in the process of millet breeding were taken as the research objects in 2019. After the harvest, different varieties of foxtail millet straw forage nutrition index(crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, crude ash) were determined by chemical analysis, and digestibility of organic matter were calculated. DPS and SPSS software were used to carry out variance and cluster analysis on the nutritional quality of 40 foxtail millet straw, and then millet varieties with low crude fiber, high crude protein, high crude fat and high crude ash content were screened out. The results showed that among 40 foxtail millet varieties, the crude fiber content of 20 varieties(JG 29, JG 40, JG 54, JG 57 A, FX 3, JF 107, CF 1, CS 14, CN 35, CG 14, PB 23, PB 29, PB 32, PB 33, PB 37, PJ 38, PJ 40, PJ 44, F3 162-2, and F4 30-2) was lower than the average value 34.44%, and the crude protein content of 8 varieties(JG 57 A, FX 3, JF 107, CF 1, CS 14, CN 35, CG 14 and F3 162-2) was higher than the average value 5.31%;the highest crude protein content of F4 69-3 was 9.96%, the highest crude fat content of PB 29 was 1.17%, the lowest crude fiber content of FX 3 was 26.11%, the highest organic matter digestibility of FX 3 was 64.01%, and the highest ash content of JF 106 was 11.91%. Using various nutrient qualities and organic matter digestibility as the evaluation criteria, a significant difference analysis was carried out on the nutritional quality of straw forage grass for 40 foxtail millet varieties, and the results were consistent with the results of the cluster analysis. The results indicated that the straws of 10 foxtail millet varieties(FX 3, F3 162-2, CF 1, JG 57 A, CG 14, JF 107, CN 35, CS 14, F4 44-1 and JG 21 A) were more suitable for high-quality forage grass.